chapter 15 Flashcards
Lincoln’s reconstruction plan
believed southern states had never officially left the union and could be re-established by meeting a minimum test of political loyalty
Johnson Reconstruction plan
attempted to carry out Lincoln’s plan, but his policies were met with resistance from congress
Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction
1863, this proclamation provided for full presidential pardons to most Confederates who took an oath of allegiance to the Union and accepted the emancipation of salves
Wade-Davis bill
1864, this bill proposed more demanding and stringent terms for reconstruction, requiring 50% of voters in a state to take a loyalty oath.
Southern Government of 1865
by the end of 1865, 11 ex-confederate states had qualified under Johnson’s reconstruction plan to become functioning parts of the Union. none of the new constitutions extended voting rights to blacks, and former leaders of the confederacy won seats in Congress
Black codes
laws passed in the South that restricted freed blacks’ rights:
- prohibited blacks from renting land or borrowing money to buy land
- forced freedmen into a form of semi-bondage by requiring them to sign work contracts
- prohibited blacks from testifying against whites in court.
Johnson’s vetoed bills
- a bill increasing the service and protection offered by the Freedman’s Bureau
- a civil rights bill that nullified black codes and guaranteed full citizenship and equal rights to African Americans
congressional reconstruction
policies harsher on southern whites and more protective of freed African Americans. the radical Republicans played a key role in this round, championing civil rights for blacks and pushing for more stringent terms for reconstruction.
Civil Rights Act of 1866
pronounced all African Americans to be U.S. citizens, repudiating the decision in the Dred Scott case
attempted to provide a legal shield against the operation of the Southern states black codes
fourteenth amendment
- required states to uphold the rights of citizens
- produced mixed results in 19th-century courtrooms, but later became a keystone of civil rights for minorities, women, children, disabled persons, and those accused of crimes
- disqualified former Confederate political leaders from holding office
- repudiating the debts of the defeated Confederate government
- penalized states that kept eligible persons from voting by reducing their proportional representation in Congress and the Electoral College
election of 1866
republican- overwhelming victory, gaining a two-thirds majority in both the House and the Senate
democratic- defeat with Andrew Johnson’s opponents gaining control of Congress.
Impeachment of Andrew Johnson
reforms after grants election
reconstruction governments
African American Legislators
republican record
sharecropping
greed and corruption
end of reconstruction
KKK
Amnesty act of 1872
election of 1872
compromise of 1877
panic of 1873
