chapter 13 Flashcards
part 1
CW causes: slavery
a growing moral issue in the north, versus its defense and expansion in the south
CW causes: constitutional disputes
over the nature of the federal Union and states rights
CW causes: economic differences
between the industrializing north and the agricultural south over issues such as tariffs, banking, and internal improvements
CW causes: Political blunders and extremism
on both sides, which some historians conclude resulted in an unnecessary war
conflicts over status of territories
after Mexican war became focused on sectional differences in the late 1840s
Wilmot Proviso
a proposal to ban slavery in the territories, which was opposed by the south
Free-Soil party
a party that opposed allowing slavery in the territories (could keep slavery in the south but not the west , was California based) advocated for free homesteads and internal improvements
southern positions
most whites int eh south views any attempts to restrict the expansions of slavery as a violation of their constitutional right to take and use their property as they wished
popular sovereignty
SQUATTER SOVEREIGNTY
Lewis Cass proposed a compromise solution that soon won considerable support from both moderate northerners and moderate southerns
which allowed the people who settled the territory to decide whether to allow slavery or not
Election of 1848
Lewis Cass- Democrat- Popular sovereignty
Zachary Taylor- Whig- No position on slavery
Van Buren- Free-soil- Opposed to slavery in territories
taylor won
Compromise of 1850
- Admit California as a free state
- divide the remainder of the Mexican Cession into two territories
- give the land dispute between Texas and the new Mexico territory to the New territories (Texas then in public debt)
- ban slave trade in the district of columbia
- adopt new fugitive slave law
The fugitive slave law
- track down runaway slaves
- place fugitive slave cases under the exclusive jurisdiction of the federal government
- deny the right of trial by jury
The underground railroad
network of conductors and stations that helped escaped slaves reach freedom in the north or in canada
Harriet Tubman
escaped slaves, made at least 19 trips into south to help some 300 slaves escape
books on slavery
uncle toms cabin
the impending crisis of the south
south reaction: counterattacked by arguing that slavery was a positive good for slave and master alike
Kansas-Nebraska Act
Division of the Nebraska territory- divided into two parts” Kansas and Nebraska
popular sovereignty
repeal of the Missouri compromise- now slavery would be allowed over the Mason-Dixon line
Election of 1852
Whig party nominated a candidate that attempted to ignore slavery issue ultimately led to its downfall
Know-nothing party
navists party that opposed the influx of immigration, particularly Catholics, into the U.S.
Republican party
party’s platform called for no expansion of slavery, free homestead, and a pro business protective tariff.
Election of 1856
republican party did not win but showed they COULD win without a single southern states vote
Dred Scott Case
a free slave lived two years in Wisconsin, went back to Missouri and was captured into slavery again. he sued saying that his time on free soil made him free too.
Dred Scott Decision
supreme court case that ruled that African Americans were not citizens U.S. and has not right to sue in federal court. the decision also ruled that Congress did not have the power to deprive any person of property without due process law
Lecompton constitution
proslavery state constitution for Kansas that was submitted to Congress in 1857. However, the constitution was rejected by Congress due to its lack of support of support from majority settlers
breakup of the whig party
increasing tensions over slavery led to breakup of whig party, party’s attempt to ignore slavery led to downfall
Stephen A. Douglas
senator from Illinois who sponsored Kansas-Nebraska act
John C. Fremont
a senatore from California whow as nominated by he republican party for president in 1856
Rodger Taney
Chef Justice on the Supreme Court who presided over Dred Scott case
James Buchanan
president of the U.S. who was elected in 1856 and presided over the country during the lecompton constitution controversy and Dred Scott
Lincoln- Douglas Debates
- Lincoln argued that slavery was morally wrong and should not be expanded into the territories
- Douglas argued that the decision to allow slavery in there territories should be left up to the people of the territory
- debates were widely publicized to establish Lincoln as a national figure
Freeport doctrine
Lincoln challeneged Douglas to reconcile is support for popular sovereignty with the Dred Scott case. Douglas responded with what became known as the Freeport doctrine, which stated that slavery could not exist in a community if the local citizen did not pass laws to support it.
Road to secession
- John brownish raid on harpers ferry
- the election of Abraham Lincoln as president in 1860
- the secession of southern states
Election of 1860
Lincoln (Republican)- antislavery, protective tariff, free land for homesteaders
Douglas (Northern Democrat)- popular sovereignty, enforcement of the FSL
Breckenridge (southern Democrat)- unrestricted extension of slavery in territories, annexation of Cuba
Bell (Constitutional Union)- enforcement of the laws and the constitution, preservation of the union
Secession Dates:
12/20/1860: south Carolina secedes front he union
1/9/1861: Mississippi secedes from the union
1/10/1861: Florida secedes from the union
1/11/1861: Alabama secedes
1/19/1861: Louisiana secedes
1/29/1861: Kansas secedes
