CHAPTER 15 Flashcards
this is Standard set of conditions used for comparisons of chemical reactions
Standard Free Energy Change
this is an indication of △G as negative
exergonic & spontaneous
this is an indication of △G as positive
endergonic & non-spontaneous
△G < 0
spontaneous
△G > 0
non - spontaneous
△G = 0
at equillibrium
What is the Gas Constant
8.31 J mol^-1 K^-1
Occurs without added energy and no continuous energy
spontaneous
this principle states that reaction will shift to: right - if removes reactant & left - if adds product
Le Chatelier’s principle
This energy can be created or destroyed & only converted from one form to another
Law of Conservation Energy
this is chemical energy, which can be converted to other forms of energy as needed
Storage
this is the Sum total of the chemical reactions of biomolecules in an organism & Biochemical basis of life processes
Metaboism
this is the Breakdown of larger molecules into smaller ones
Catabolism
has an Oxidative process that releases energy
Catabolism
this is the Synthesis of larger molecules from smaller ones
Anabolism
has a Reductive process that requires energy
Anabolism
This means Energy Requiring
Anabolism
This means Energy releasing
Catabolism
a reaction where electrons are transferred from a donor to an acceptor
Redox Reaction
this is known as the reducing agent
Oxidation
Substance that loses electrons
Oxidation
Substance that gains electrons
Reduction
Also known as Oxidizing agent
Reduction
Carbon in its most reduced form
Alkane
Carbon in most oxidized form
Carbon Dioxide
What LEORA means?
Loss of Electron in Oxidation Reaction
What GEROA means?
Gain of Electron in Reduction Reaction
It is Form when NADH is reduce
NAD
It is Form when NADH is oxidized
NAD+
this is a Nonprotein substance that takes
part in an enzymatic reaction and is regenerated at the end of the reaction
Coenzyme
How many electrons are lost when NADH is converted to NAD+
Two electrons
This Require or release convenient amounts of energy, depending on the direction of the reaction
High-energy bonds
This is an essential high-energy bond-containing compound
ATP
Define: Q < 1
more reactant than the product
Define: Q = 1
at equilibrium or is qual to 0
Define: Q > 1
more product than reactant
this contains Contains 3′-P-5′-ADP, vitamin pantothenic acid, and a thiol group
Coenzyme A (CoA)
Serve as the intermediate oxidizing agents needed in catabolism in oxidized forms
Coenzymes
Provide the reducing power needed for the anabolic processes of biosynthesis in reduced form
Coenzymes
Has the presence of Oxygen and its for breathing
Aerobic Metabolism
This lacks oxygen
Anaerobic Metoblism
