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Forensic Chemistry > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

Low explosive

A

an explosive with a velocity of detonation less than 1,000 meters/second; need only fuel and oxidizing agent

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2
Q

Black powder

A

low explosive; made potassium nitrate [oxidizing agent], charcoal, sulfur; only lethal when confined

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3
Q

Smokeless powder

A

low explosive; safest and most powerful can be single based (nitrocellulose) or double based (nitrocellulose and nitroglycerin)

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4
Q

Chlorate mixtues

A

low explosive; things like sugar, carbon, sulfur or starch are combined with chlorate to cause an explosion

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5
Q

Gas/Air mixtures

A

low explosive; natural gas escapes into a confined area with sufficient amount of air

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6
Q

Primary explosive

A

easily detonated by heat, shock, or friction, usually used to detonate another explosive in a chain reaction

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7
Q

Secondary explosive

A

relatively insensitive to heat, shock, or friction, and burn rather than detonate when ignited in small quantities in open air

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8
Q

Dynamite

A

high explosive; rated by strength, but relative blasting power is not directly proportional to strength

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9
Q

Ammonium Nitrate Explosives

A

high explosive; ANFO: ammonium nitrate soaked in fuel oil (used in mining); TATP: acetone and hydrogen peroxide with acid catalyst (used by terrorists)

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10
Q

Military Explosives

A

RDX - most popular and powerful
TNT
Detonating cord

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11
Q

Detecting and Recovering Evidence

A

presence of crater at site of blast; all loose soil and debris must be collected; porous and nonporous objects should be tested, wire-mesh screens are best used for sifting through debris

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12
Q

Ion Mobility spectrometer

A

screening for presence of explosives; residues are vaporized and ions move through a tube under the influence of an electric field; preliminary identification: retention time; can detect plastic, commercial, and military explosives

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13
Q

Microscopic Analysis

A

done first; black & smokeless powder are easy, dynamite and high explosives are more difficult

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14
Q

Acetone rinsed from debris is tested by…

A

color spot tests, GC/MS, HPLC (good because it occurs at room temperature and detects trace elements), and TLC

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15
Q

Confirmatory tests

A

x-ray diffraction and infrared spectrophotometry

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Forensic Chemistry (6 decks)

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