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Forensic Chemistry > Chapter 10 > Flashcards

Chapter 10 Flashcards

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1
Q

Antigen

A

substance that stimulates the body to produce antibodies against it; on red blood cells

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2
Q

Antibody

A

protein that destroys or inactivates a specific antigen, found in blood serum

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3
Q

Blood Type A

A

Antigen: A
Antibody: Anti-B

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4
Q

Blood Type B

A

Antigen: B
Antibody: Anti-A

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5
Q

Blood Type AB

A

Antigen: AB
Antibody: Neither Anti-A or Anti-B

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6
Q

Blood Type O

A

Antigen: Neither A nor B
Antibody: Anti-A and Anti-B

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7
Q

Agglutination

A

The clumping together of red blood cells by the action of an antibody

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8
Q

Serology

A

the study of antigen-antibody reactions

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9
Q

Antiserums: A

A

A is agglutinated by Anti-A

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10
Q

Antiserums: B

A

B is agglutinated by Anti-B

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11
Q

Antiserums: AB

A

AB is agglutinated by Anti-A and Anti-B

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12
Q

Antiserums: O

A

not agglutinated by either Anti-A or Anti-B

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13
Q

Benzidine Test

A

color test replaced with Kastle-Meyer because it was a carcinogen

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14
Q

Kastle-Meyer Test

A

(phenolphthalein); Based on hemoglobin’s peroxidase-like activity; will create a deep pink color

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15
Q

Luminol/Bluestar

A

Makes blood fluoresce in the dark

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16
Q

Microcrystalline Tests

A

add chemicals to blood to form crystals

17
Q

Precipitin Test

A

Determines human/animal origin; antibody reacts with antigen to form a precipitate; animals have an anti-human serum that produces a precipitate when in contact with human blood

18
Q

Polyclonal

A

antibodies produced by injecting animals with a specific antigen; a series of antibodies are produced responding to a variety of different sites on the antigen

19
Q

Monoclonal

A

collection of identical antibodies that interact with a specific antigen site; created with hybridoma cells: fused spleen and tumor cells used to produce identical monoclonal antibodies in a limitless supply

20
Q

Genes

A

DNA segments on chromosomes

21
Q

Chromosomes

A

composed of DNA and surrounded by proteins

22
Q

Punnett Square

A

combines parent genotypes to find child’s genotypes

23
Q

Genotype

A

combination of genes present

24
Q

Phenotype

A

physical manifestation of a trait

25
Q

Acid Phosphate Test

A

AP is an enzyme found in high concentration in semen; with a solution and Fast Blue B dye, it is easily identified (turns purple); can also fluoresce when MUP is added

26
Q

Microscopic Examination of Semen

A

problems: ogliospermia (low sperm count) and aspermia (no sperm present; vasectomy)

27
Q

Prostate Specific Antigen

A

P30 antigen can be used to identify semen without sperm, positive immunoassay test creates and antibody-antigen-antibody structure shown as a blue line

28
Q

Collection of Evidence

A

paper bags, SAEC kit, combings, standard/reference samples, swabs and smears, fingernail scrapings, clothing, urine sample

29
Q

Living Sperm Survive For…

A

4-6 Hours

30
Q

Nonmotile Sperm Found…

A

3-6 Days

31
Q

Intact Sperm…

A

16-72 hours

32
Q

Samples should be taken from any consensual partner __ hours before assault

A

72

33
Q

P30 cannot be detected after…

A

24 hours

Forensic Chemistry (6 decks)

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