chapter 15

Question 1

externalizing problems

Answer 1

attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder (ODD), and conduct disorder (CD)

disorders of undercontrolled behaviour

Question 2

internalizing problems

Answer 2

separation anxiety disorder (SAD), selective mutism, reactive attachment disorder (RAD), anxiety disorders, and mood disorders

disorders of overcontrolled behaviour

Question 3

homotypic continuity

Answer 3

current diagnosis is often
predictive of their receiving the same diagnosis in the future

Question 4

heterotypic continuity

Answer 4

receiving a different psychiatric diagnosis in the future

Question 5

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 5

Children with ADHD are motorically and often verbally hyperactive, they have problems maintaining their focus in conversations and activities, and they show impulsive or
erratic behaviour. These symptoms almost always emerge in early childhood

Question 6

PSYCHOSOCIAL RISK FACTORS

Answer 6

Psychosocial risk factors include low socio-economic status, large family size, paternal criminality, poor maternal mental health, child
maltreatment, foster care placement, and family dysfunction

Question 7

Gene–environment interaction

Answer 7

(G × E) describe “any phenotypic event” that is the result of an interaction between genes
and the environment - nature via nurture

Question 8

oppositional defiant disorder (ODD)

Answer 8

Children with oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) frequently argue with adults, have many temper tantrums,
deliberately annoy others, and are spiteful and vindictive.
They do not take responsibility for their actions, blaming
others for their outbursts and rude behaviour.

possibly an earlier expression for CD - conduct disorder

Question 9

conduct disorder (CD)

Answer 9

characterized by a pattern of hostile behaviour.