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Biol235 Quiz 3 > Chapter 15 > Flashcards

Chapter 15 Flashcards

1
Q

Somatic vs autonomic NS (excitatory, voluntary, consciously perceived, function when damaged)

A

Somatic: when SMN stimulates SM=always excitatory, usually voluntary, usually consciously perceived

Autonomic: exciting/inhibiting to cardiac/smooth/glands, function to some extent if nerve damaged, usually not voluntary, not consciously perceived

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2
Q

ANS divisions

A

Sympathetic NS
Parasympathetic NS
Enteric NS: chemical changes/wall stretching/contraction/secretion of GI tract

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3
Q

Does the Somatic or autonomic NS have more motor neurons

A

Autonomic usually has 2+
Somatic has only one from CNS to effector

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4
Q

Where does preganglionic neuron extend to and is it myelinated

A

Myelinated
To autonomic ganglion
Or to chromaffin cells in adrenal medullae

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5
Q

Differences between sympathetic and parasympathetic neurons (length/release)

A

Sympathetic: preganglion=shorter postganglionic release NE (if chromaffin cell, also release epinephrine)

Parasympathetic: preganglionic=longer postganglion release ACh

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6
Q

Preganglionic axon type vs postganglionic

A

Pre: small diameter myelinated B fiber
Post: small diamter unmyelinated C fiber

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7
Q

Sympathetic AKA and why

A

Thoracolumbar as preG have cell bodies in lat horns of gray matter in 12 thoracic segments and first 2-3 lumbar segments

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8
Q

Thoracolumbar outflow

A

Axons of sympathetic preganglionic neurons

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9
Q

Parasympathetic AKA and why

A

Craniosacral as cell bodies of preG are in nuclei of III, VII, IX, X and in lat gray of 2 through 4 sacral segments of SC

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10
Q

Craniosacral outflow

A

Axons of parasympathetic preG neurons

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11
Q

Somatic vs autonomic sensory input

A

Somatic: somatic/special sense
A: mainly interoceptors some somatic/special

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12
Q

Somatic vs autonomic control of motor output

A

S: voluntary from CC, some basal ganglia cerebellum brainstem SC
A: involuntary from hypothalamus limbic system brainstem SC some CC

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13
Q

Somatic vs autonomic motor neuron pathway

A

S: one neuron to effector
A: 2 neuron synapse with posts in autonomic ganglia or chromaffin cells in adrenal medullae

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14
Q

Somatic vs autonomic NT/hormones

A

S: ACH
A: all preG/psymp post=ACh,
symp postG/=NE (if sweat gland=ACh)
Chromaffin: NE/epinephrine

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15
Q

Sympathetic trunk ganglia

A

Sympathetic
In vert row on either side of VC
Innervate above diaphragm

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16
Q

Prevertebral ganglia

A

Sympathetic
Ant to VC close to large abdominal arteries
Innervate below diaphragm

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17
Q

Terminal ganglia

A

Parasympathetic
Close to or within visceral organ

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18
Q

Superior mesenteric plexus supplies

A

SI/LI

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19
Q

Inferior mesenteric plexus supplies

A

LI

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20
Q

Hypogastric plexus supplies

A

Pelvic viscera

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21
Q

Superior cervical ganglion serve

A

Head and heart

22
Q

Middle/inferior cervical ganglion serve

A

Heart and BV of neck shoulder and upper limb

23
Q

Pathways from symp trunk ganglia to visceral effectors (4)

A

Enter spinal nerves
Form cephalic periarterial nerves
Form sympathetic nerves
Form splanchnic nerves

24
Q

Gray rami communicates vs white rami communicantes (what/where)

A

Gray: structures containing sympathetic postG axons that connect ganglia of sympathetic trunk to spinal nerves (all 31 nerves of SC)

White: structure containing sympathetic preG axons that connect anterior ramus of spinal nerve with ganglia of sympathetic trunk (only thoracic and first 2/3 lumbar nerves)

25
Q

Spinal nerves Innervate

A

Visceral effectors in skin of neck trunk and limbs

26
Q

Cephalic periarterial nerves Innervate

A

Visceral effectors in skin of face and visceral effectors of head

27
Q

Sympathetic nerves Innervate (what/where are they synapsing with postG)

A

Heart: synapse with postG in sup/middle/inf cervical ganglia and T1-T4

Lungs: synapse with postG in T2-T4

28
Q

Splanchnic nerves Innervate (what/where do synapse with postG)

A

Abdominopelvic organs: prevertebral ganglia
Adrenal medulla: chromaffin cells

29
Q

Chromaffin cels release (%)

A

80 percent epinephrine
20 percent NE
Trace amount dopamine

30
Q

Four pairs of cranial psymp ganglia

A

Ciliary (eyeball)

pterygopalatine (nasal mucosa/palate/pharynx/lacrimal glands)

submandibular (submandibular/sublingual salivary glands)

otic (parotid salivary glands)

31
Q

What nerve carries 80 percent of total Craniosacral outflow (psymp)

A

Vagus (X)

32
Q

Cholinergic receptors

A

Nicotinic
Muscarinic

33
Q

Nicotinic (locations/effects) (3)

A

PM of postG symp/psymp N: excitation=impulses in postG

Chromaffin cells: E/NE secretion

Sarcolemma of SMF: excitation=contraction

34
Q

Muscarinic (locations/effects)(3)

A

Effectors innervated by psymp postG N: excitation or inhibition

Sweat glands innervated by symp postG= increased sweating

SM BV innervated by symp postG: inhibition=relaxation=vasodilation

35
Q

Is NE or E both a NT and hormone

A

NE

36
Q

Adrenergic receptors

A

a1, a2, B1, B2, B3

37
Q

a1 (locations/effects) (3)

A

Smooth muscle in BV, radial muscle in iris, spinster of stomach/bladder: excitation=vasoconstriction/dilation/closing

Salivary gland cells: K+/H2O secretion

Sweat glands on palms/soles: increased sweating

38
Q

a2 (locations/effects)(4)

A

Smooth muscle in BV: vasodilation

Beta cells of pancreatic islets: decreased insulin secretion

Pancreatic acinar cells: inhibition of digestive enzyme secretion

Platelets in blood: form platelet plug

39
Q

B1 (location/effects)(4)

A

Cardiac MF: excitation

Juxtaglomerular cells of kidneys: renin secretion

Post pituitary: ADH secretion

Adipose cells: breakdown triglycerides=release fatty acids to blood

40
Q

B2 (locations/effects(3)

A

Smooth muscle in airways; heart BV, SM, adipose, liver, visceral organ walls: inhibition

Ciliary muscle in eye: inhibition

Hepatocytes in liver: glycogenolysis

41
Q

B3 (location/effect)(1)

A

Brown adipose tissue: thermogenesis

42
Q

Adrenergic receptors generally excitatory

A

a1, B1

43
Q

Adrenergic receptors generally inhibitory

A

a2, B2

44
Q

Autonomic tone regulated by

A

Hypothalamus

45
Q

Symp vs psymp associated ganglia

A

Symp: symp trunk ganglia, prevertebral ganglia

Psymp: terminal ganglia

46
Q

Symp vs psymp ganglia locations

A

S: close to CNS
P: close to or within wall of effectors

47
Q

Symp vs p symp axon divergence (postG/effector)

A

S: synapse with many postG to many effectors
P: synapse with 4-5 postG to single effector

48
Q

Does symp or psymp have white/gray rami communicantes

A

Symp

49
Q

Symp vs psymp NT

A

S: preG=ACh, post=NE (except sweat glands is ACh)
P: both ACh

50
Q

What is the major control and integration center of ANS

A

Hypothalamus

51
Q

What parts of hypothalamus control symp vs psymp

A

Symp: posterior and lateral hypothalamus

Psymp: anterior and medial hypothalamus

Biol235 Quiz 3 (3 decks)

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