Chapter 15 Flashcards
Adaptive Hypothesis (sleep)
amount of sleep and animal gets is dependant on the availability of food and safety
endogenous rhythms
within (even without environmental cues we have a 24hr schedule)
Suprachismatic nucleus (SCN)
region of hypothalamus, acts as main biological clock
zeitgebers
detect light
melatonin
hormone that induces sleep
melatonin control
SCN
sleep regulation
SCN regulates sleep, signals pineal gland o release melatonin
ultradian rhythms
rhythms less then a day in length
ultradian rhythm examples
hormone production, unrine
low amp
beta waves (alert)
moderate amp
alpha waves (drowsy)
Stage 1 (sleep)
transition to light sleep (10) (jerks and images)
stage 2
deeper sleep (10-25), medium sleep, eye movement stop, (heart rate slows, Brian waves decelerate, body temp decreases, muscle relax)
stage 3 and 4
slow wave sleep (30) deep sleep (Delta waves, feeling rested)
Stage 5
REM sleep (25-60) paralyzed muscles, vivid dreams
stage 1 waves
alpha/beta waves to theyta waves
stage 2 waves
sleep spindles (1-2 sec. rapid Brian activity), K-complexes (neural excitation then neural inhibition)
stage 3 and 4 waves
Delta waves
stage 5 waves
no term looks like beta
Hypothesis 1 (sleep)
sleep evolved to conserve organisms energy
Hypothesis 2 (sleep)
immobilization durning sleep is adaptive because it reduces danger
hypothesis 3 (sleep)
sleep helps animals to restore energy and other bodily resources
functions of slow wave sleep
restoration of Brian, if deprived cognitive deficits occur
functions of REM sleep
forms new memory and skill, consolidates
Brianstem arousal centre
send activating signals to higher levels of the brain
Pedunculopontine and laterodorsal tegmental (PPT/LDT)
fire most rapidly during wakefulness and REM sleep (slowly during non REM sleep)
ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO)
of the hypothalamus (promotes non REM sleep, fast fire during stages 3 and 4, moderate during 2
parafacial zone
medulla (non rem sleep control)
PGO waves
high-voltage brain waves that travel from the pons (hindbrain) through the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus to the occipital area (80 sec before REM)
sublaterdorsal nucleus (SLD)
governs switching in and out of REM sleep (in pons)
insomina
inhablity to sleep or to obrian adequate-quality sleep to so that the person feels rested
sleep walking
walking or other behaviours while still mostly asleep
sleepwalking triggers
alcohol, stress, seep deprivation
insomina causes
stress, screen time, withdrawal (benzodiazaphine), combidity (w/ other mental illness
Narcolepsy
individuals fall asleep suddenly durning the daytime and go directly into REM (not enough orexin) (body stays up right)
Cataplexy
sudden experience o one compnenet of REm sleep (antoia) and falls to the floor paralyzed but fully awake)
REM sleep Behavior disorder
individuals are uncharacteristically active during rem sleep (injuring themselves or partners)
consciousness
awarness, short-term memory, sense of self, spectrum
Consciousness network
no single structure, central lateral thalamius and anterior insular cortex (AIC) appear to be involved. salience network, central executive network
salience network
group of brain region that detects significant stimuli that require attention (includes AIC, and anterior cingulate cortex)
central executive network
group of brain regions that control attention and working memory
awareness (aware of world)
lateral prefontoal cortex and posterior partietal cortex become active
awareness (unaware of world - not consciously aware)
only visual cortex active
attention
the brains means of allocating limited resources by foucising on some neural inputs to the exclusion of others
dorsal attention network
goal-directed attention (what do I want to pay attention to)
ventral attention network
stimulus demands (involuntary switch because of environmental needs)
agency
attribution of an action or effect to ourselves rather than an external force
Dissociative identity disorder
involves shift in consciences and behaviour that appear to be distinct personalities or self’s
