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Psych 275 - Final > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

incidence

A

number of individuals that develop conditions (over period of time)

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2
Q

prevalence

A

total count of people with a condition at a specific point in time

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3
Q

schizophrenia

A

psychosis, disturbances of reality, orientation and thinking

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4
Q

schizophrenia positive symptoms

A

delusions, hallucinations, thought disorders, movement disorders

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5
Q

schizophrenia negative symptoms

A

avolition/apathy (lack of initiative to accomplish tasks), alogia (inhbility to speak), anhedonia flattening (lackig full range of emotional expression), asocialtiy (lack of motivation to socizlize)

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6
Q

dopamine hypothesis

A

idea it involves to much dopamine activity in brain

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7
Q

aberrant salience hypothesis

A

heightened levels of dopamine increase attention and motivation circuits to make ordinary environmental factors seem significant

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8
Q

dopamine deficiency

A

dopaminergic drugs are ineffective

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9
Q

Glutamate theory

A

loss of NDA receptors causes increase in glutamate receptors Witch in turn increases dopamine (glutamate causes negative, dopamine causes positive)

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9
Q

tardive dyskinesia

A

tremors and involuntary movements due to ling-term blocking of dopamine receptors

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9
Q

hypofrontality

A

decrease in activity in frontal lobe

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10
Q

affecitve disorders

A

mood disorders

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11
Q

mania

A

excess energy and confidence

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11
Q

depressive disorders

A

intense sadness and loss of interest

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12
Q

bipolar disorders

A

alternate between depression and mania

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13
Q

reactive depression (depressive disorders)

A

occasional intense sadness in response to life’s challenges

13
Q

major depressive disorders (depressive disorders)

A

intense sadness for long periods of time

14
Q

mania symptoms

A

inflative self-esteem, decreased sleep, talkativeness, racing thoughts, easily distracted, increased goal-directed activities, agitation, involvement in risk activity

15
Q

Bipolar 1

A

alternate between periods of depression and full-blown mania (delusions, hallucinations, paranoia, bizarre behavior

16
Q

Bipolar 2

A

alternate between periods of depression and hypomania (mania at 50%)

17
Q

bipolar disorder treatments

A

second-generation antipsychotics (target glutamate), lithium (normaozes both extremes), carbamazephine and valproate (targets mania)

18
Q

Electroconvulsion therapy

A

‘resets’ the brain

19
Q

circadian rhythms

A

daily body rhythms

20
Q

seasonal affecitve disorders

A

depression rises and falls with the seasons

21
Q

amygdala and ventral prefrontal cortex (role in depression) (neurological anomalies)

A

ventral prefrontal cortex decides if it’s depression or mania (on depression off mania)

22
Q

bipolar disorder (neurological anomalies)

A

decreased thickness and gial density in anterior cingulate cortex and neural density in amygdala, + Brian metabolism in manic episodes

23
Q

generalized anxiety

A

feelings of stress and unease most of the time

24
Q

panic disorder

A

sudden anxiety attacks

25
Q

phobia

A

fear when confronted with specific thing

26
Q

PTSD

A

reoccurring thoughts/images, avoiding event reminders, feelings of emptiness, lack in concentration, overactive to environment

27
Q

Anomalies in Brian function (PTSD, phobia, anxiety, panic disorders)

A

hyperrespoive amyglada, anterior cingulate cortex is hyperacitve (anxiety, panic, phobias), insular cortex ovelry responsive (phobia and PTSD)

28
Q

Personality disorders

A

distrust and suspicion, unstable social relationships, problems with control and attention, emotional dysfunction

29
Q

OCD

A

obsessive (uncontrollable thought) , compulsion (ritualistic behaviour to remove anxiety)

30
Q

Over grooming (OCD related disorders)

A

nail biting, hair pulling, skin picking

31
Q

Tourette Syndrome

A

individuals produce a variety of motor and sounds (tics)

32
Q

Borderline personality disorder

A

unstable interpersonal relationships, poor self-image, impulsivity, intense fear of abandonment and rejection, strong desire to be loved, rapid vacillation between feeling of love and hate, risky behaviours such as gambling and speeding, high risk suicide

Psych 275 - Final (3 decks)

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