Chapter 15

Question 1

gene expression

Answer 1

the process by which DNA directs protein synthesis

Question 2

Is RNA a single strand or double?

Answer 2

single

Question 3

messenger RNA

Answer 3

product of transcription

Question 4

RNA polymerase

Answer 4

mRNA synthesis is catalyzed by this enzyme

Question 5

3 functional types of RNA

Answer 5

messenger RNA, transfer RNA, ribosomal RNA

Question 6

messenger RNA (mRNA)

Answer 6

carries DNA message to the ribosome

Question 7

transfer RNA (tRNA)

Answer 7

carries specific amino acids to the ribosome

Question 8

point mutations

Answer 8

within a gene can be divided into two general categories
-substitutions
-insertions or deletions

Question 9

mutations

Answer 9

any change in the sequence of nucleotides changes the genetic material

Question 10

base pair substitutions

Answer 10

is the replacement of one nucleotide with another
may result in:
-silent
-missense
-nonsense

Question 11

spontaneous mutations

Answer 11

can occur during DNA replication, recombination, or repair

Question 12

induced mutations

Answer 12

are caused by physical or chemical agents called mutagens

Question 13

adaptations

Answer 13

are beneficial mutations that allow organisms to survive in a changing environment