CHAPTER 15 Flashcards
What is a psychological disorder?
persitent deviant and dysfunctional behavipur pattern
describe the 2 models of mental illness
1) demonic model: view of mental illness during middle ages where odd behaviour was attributed to evil spirits.
- A manual called Malleus Maleficarum (witches hammer) was written to help identify witches thought possessed by the devil. they dunked you in water and if you survived, you were a witch and if you didnt then too bad lol you died for nothing
2) medical model: mental illness is a physical disorder needing treatment. they created asylums which many were overcrowded and understaffed warehouses. They believed mental illness was in the blood and would drain their pt’s blood
describe the modern era of psychiatric treatment
medication: in the early 1950s became popular. chlorpromazine for schizophrenia was able to give pt’s more independance which began deinstitutionalization(released from hospitalized psychiatric pt’’s into the community and closing mental hospitals)
what are some psychiatric diagnosis misconceptions?
1) diagnosis used as pigeonholing (sorting people into different boxed)
2) diagnosis are unreliable
3) diagnoses are invalid. they are informative.
4) diagnosis stigmatize people (only true one)
what does thomas szasz think about psychiatric diagnoses?
he believed are useless because they dont provide us withmuch other than being descriptive labels for behvaiours we dont like
what is the official system of classifying mental disorders?
diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorder aka DSM-5
what is the rule of diagnostic for a mental disorder from the DSM-5?
MUST have atleast 1 of the 5 symptoms continually. If the problem has a medical condition then it is not diagnosed as mental.
what are some issues with DSM-5?
1) not all diagnosis meet criteria for validity
2) high level of comorbidity meaning people have more than one diagnosis
3) relies exclusively on a categorical model of psychopathology. with this model, mental disorder such as depression is etiher present or absent with no in-between.
what model does sceince suggest we use for mental illness?
dimensional model meaning they differ from noram functioning degree
what are some self-confirming diagnoses?
heavily biasing your questions so pt gives the answers that conform to your idea.
what can clinicians do to make sure they’re not bias when it comes to biases?
1) rely on notes rather than notes
2) recognize hindsight is seductive as it can lead you o feel overconfident
3) avoid questions that assume your preconceptions are correst. Consider opposing ideas and test them
is anxiety adaptive?
yes(normal one where your anxious about exam or medical procedure)
but it can be maladaptive when the anxiety level is so high and comes at times where its unexpected
what is generalized anxiety disorder
continuing feelings of worry, including the small things in life like anpcoming meeting
who mostly has generalized anxiety disorder (GAD))?
women more than men usually have anxiety disorders
define panic dosorder and what does it lead to?
whos at risk of panick attacks?
repeated unexpected panic attacks.
leads to agoraphobia
most at risk is smokers
what is a phobia?
irrational fear of something
how are phobias diagnosed?
1) it must restrict our lives
2) create much distress
what is agoraphobia?
a fear or avoidance of situations in which escape might be difficult when panic strikes so they start avoiding being outside the home, in a crowd or bus
define social anxiety disorder
an intesne fear of being scrutinized by others . it is extreme shyness. their anxiety goes beyong the stage of frights that most of us feel occasionally
define OCD
unwated repetitive thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions) that are inappropriate and caused marked distress.
what is the link of OCD and the brain?
OCD shows malfunction of the caudate nucleus (part of the basal ganglia) which initiates body control and movement.
how long do people spend in their OCD a day?
1 hour a day
define major depressive disorder
in the absence of drugs or a medical condition, two or more weeks of significantly depressed moods.
define bipolar disorder
alteration between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania.
elevated mood, impulsivity, increased energy, inflated self-esteem
