CHAPTER 14_Translation and Proteins

Question 1

_______ is the biological polymerization of amino acids into polypeptide chains

Answer 1

Translation of mRNA

Question 2

serve as workbenches for polypeptide synthesis

Answer 2

ribosomes

Question 3

When the two subunits of ribosome are assembled into a functional ribosome, the structure is sometimes called a ______

Answer 3

monosome

Question 4

The larger subunit in bacteria consists of a 23S rRNA molecule, a 5S rRNA molecule, and 33 ribosomal proteins. The smaller bacterial subunits consist of a 16S rRNA component and 21 proteins.

The eukaryotic larger subunit consists of a 28S rRNA molecule is accompanied by a 5.8S and a 5S rRNA molecule and 47 proteins. The smaller subunit consists of an 18S rRNA component and about 33 proteins are found.

Question 5

How many nucleotides does a tRNA have

Answer 5

75 to 90 nucleotides

Question 6

tRNAs are transcribed from DNA as larger precursors, which are cleaved into mature 4S tRNA molecules

Question 7

ribonucleotides containing modified nitrogenous bases found i
transfer RNA.

Answer 7

Inosinic acid (l) = Purine
Pseudouridylic acid (Ψ) = Pyrimidine
Ribothymidylic acid (T) = Pyrimidine

Question 8

Before translation can proceed, the tRNA molecules must be chemically linked to their respective amino acids. This activation process, called ______, occurs under the direction of enzymes called _______

Answer 8

charging, or aminoacylation
aminoacyl tRNA synthetases

Question 9

In the initial step of tRNA charging process, the amino acid is converted to an activated form, reacting with ATP to create an ________.

Answer 9

aminoacyladenylic acid