Chapter 14 Vocabulary - Social Psychology

Question 1

Fundamental Attribution Error

Answer 1

theory that we overestimate the influence the influence of personality and we underestimate the influence of the situation

Question 2

Foot in The Door Phenomenon

Answer 2

you ask for little amounts, so they don’t think it is a lot at one time

Question 3

Cognitive Dissonance

Answer 3

occurs when we change our behavior to match the situation (we know we would never do it any other situation, but we have to here)

Question 4

InGroup

Answer 4

the group/people we associate with

Question 5

OutGroup

Answer 5

the group/people that are not in our group

Question 6

Conformity

Answer 6

Go along with what everyone else it doing; complying with the standard/norm (ex: Solomon Ash stick experiment)

Question 7

Unanimity

Answer 7

you say what every one else says even though you think differently because you do not want to be the only one to say something different

Question 8

Normative Social Influence

Answer 8

It is one form of conformity. It is the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked or accepted by them.

Question 9

Informational Social Influence

Answer 9

people assume the actions of others reflect correct behavior for a given situation; people are unable to determine the appropriate mode of behavior, and assume that surrounding people possess more knowledge about the situation (assume those around them are right)

Question 10

Social Facilitation

Answer 10

Improved performance in the presence of others

Question 11

Social Loafing

Answer 11

people exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone

Question 12

Deindividuation

Answer 12

loss of sense of self/lose of identity; the social phenomenon in which people are more likely to behave irrationally and antisocially because they are less likely to be personally identified (ex: throwing the gold bar)

Question 13

Groupthink

Answer 13

The practice of thinking or making decisions as a group in a way that discourages creativity or individual responsibility

Question 14

Scapegoat

Answer 14

Blaming someone else (whether they really did it or not)

Question 15

Availability Heuristic

Answer 15

something that has happened in the past and you feel like it is more common to happen again; mental shortcut that involves basing judgements on information and examples that immediately spring to mind.

Question 16

Frustration Aggression Hypothesis

Answer 16

in situations when someone is more frustrated, their aggression levels are more likely to increase (the more frustrated they are, the most aggressive they get)

Question 17

Just-World Phenomenon

Answer 17

the tendency of people to believe the world is just, and people get what they deserve and deserve what they get

Question 18

Contact Theory

Answer 18

contact between antagonistic groups will reduce hostility if groups work toward subordinate goals

Question 19

Aggression

Answer 19

is any physical or verbal behavior intended to hurt or destroy.

Question 20

Instrumental Aggression

Answer 20

Act is a means to gain something; premeditated; intended to hurt the other person

Question 21

Hostile Aggression

Answer 21

Is emotional and impulsive; happens at the heat of the moment; typically in response to pain or stress

Question 22

Social Scripts

Answer 22

society’s norms of behavior (sometimes we justify these social scripts (b/c we think is it more of a norm) - we become desensitized)

Question 23

Desensitized

Answer 23

Make (someone) less likely to feel shock or distress at scenes of cruelty, violence, or suffering by overexposure to such images (because we see them so often - video games, tv, movies - it has somewhat become a norm)

Question 24

Mere Exposure Effect

Answer 24

The Phenomenon that repeated exposure to novel (new) stimuli increases liking of them (the more you see someone, the more you like them; the more you listen to a certain song, the more you like it)

Question 25

The Halo Effect

Answer 25

In society, attractive people tend to be (are thought to be) more intelligent, better adjusted, and more popular

Question 26

Passionate Love

Answer 26

an aroused state of intense positive absorption in another, usually present at the beginning of a love relationship (ex: at the beginning, getting butterflies)

Question 27

Companionate Love

Answer 27

a deep, affectionate attachment we feel for those with whom our lives are intertwined (is not necessarily just with your spouse, it could also be with a close family member or friend)

Question 28

Self-Disclosure

Answer 28

Revealing intimate aspects of ourselves to another person