Chapter 11 Vocabulary - Motivation Flashcards
A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior
Motivation
A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned
Instinct
The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need
Drive-reduction theory
A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level
Homeostasis
A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior
Incentive
Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active
Hierarchy of Needs
The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues; when low, we feel hungry
Glucose
The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set; when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight
Set Point
The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure
Basal Metabolic Rate
The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution
Sexual Response Cycle
A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm
Refractory Period
A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning
Sexual Disorder
Sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics
Estrogens
The most important of the male sex hormones; both males and females have it, but the additional amount in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty
Testosterone
An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexual)
Sexual Orientation
A completely involved, focused state of consciousness with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills
Flow
The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces
Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology
A subfields of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development
Personnel Psychology
A subfields of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change
Organizational Psychology
A subfields of I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and ho machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use
Human Factors Psychology
Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales
Structured Interviews
A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard
Achievement Motivation
Goal oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals
Task Leadership
Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offered support
Social Leadership
