Chapter 11 Vocabulary - Motivation

Question 1

A need or desire that energizes and directs behavior

Answer 1

Motivation

Question 2

A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

Answer 2

Instinct

Question 3

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Answer 3

Drive-reduction theory

Question 4

A tendency to maintain a balanced or constant internal state; the regulation of any aspect of body chemistry, such as blood glucose, around a particular level

Answer 4

Homeostasis

Question 5

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

Answer 5

Incentive

Question 6

Maslow’s pyramid of human needs, beginning at the base with physiological needs that must first be satisfied before higher-level safety needs and then psychological needs become active

Answer 6

Hierarchy of Needs

Question 7

The form of sugar that circulates in the blood and provides the major source of energy for body tissues; when low, we feel hungry

Answer 7

Glucose

Question 8

The point at which an individual’s “weight thermostat” is supposedly set; when the body falls below this weight, an increase in hunger and a lowered metabolic rate may act to restore the lost weight

Answer 8

Set Point

Question 9

The body’s resting rate of energy expenditure

Answer 9

Basal Metabolic Rate

Question 10

The four stages of sexual responding described by Masters and Johnson - excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution

Answer 10

Sexual Response Cycle

Question 11

A resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm

Answer 11

Refractory Period

Question 12

A problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning

Answer 12

Sexual Disorder

Question 13

Sex hormones, such as estradiol, secreted in greater amounts by females than by males and contributing to female sex characteristics

Answer 13

Estrogens

Question 14

The most important of the male sex hormones; both males and females have it, but the additional amount in males stimulates the growth of the male sex organs in the fetus and the development of the male sex characteristics during puberty

Answer 14

Testosterone

Question 15

An enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one’s own sex (homosexual) or the other sex (heterosexual)

Answer 15

Sexual Orientation

Question 16

A completely involved, focused state of consciousness with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one’s skills

Answer 16

Flow

Question 17

The application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces

Answer 17

Industrial-Organizational (I/O) Psychology

Question 18

A subfields of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development

Answer 18

Personnel Psychology

Question 19

A subfields of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change

Answer 19

Organizational Psychology

Question 20

A subfields of I/O psychology that explores how people and machines interact and ho machines and physical environments can be made safe and easy to use

Answer 20

Human Factors Psychology

Question 21

Interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales

Answer 21

Structured Interviews

Question 22

A desire for significant accomplishment; for mastery of skills or ideas; for rapidly attaining a high standard

Answer 22

Achievement Motivation

Question 23

Goal oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals

Answer 23

Task Leadership

Question 24

Group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offered support

Answer 24

Social Leadership