Chapter 14: Therapies Flashcards
Trephination
An early therapy for mental disorders that involved cutting a hole in the skull
Subsyndromal disorders
Versions of psychological disorders that don’t meet the DSM-5 criteria for diagnosis but that may nonetheless cause significant problems
Rapport
A client’s sense of trust in, respect for, and comfort with the treatment provider.
Cultural competence
An understanding of how clients’ cultural backgrounds shape their beliefs, values, and expectations for therapy
Culturally appropriate therapy
Therapy that is conducted in a manner that is sensitive to the client’s cultural background and expectations
Hysteria
An older term for a group of presumably psychogenic disorders that included a wide variety of physical and psychological symptoms; the term used today is conversion disorder.
Psychogenic
Resulting from a psychological cause rather than from organic damage to the nervous system
Free association
A method used in psychoanalytic therapy in which the patient says anything that comes to mind, no matter how apparently trivial, embarrassing, or disagreeable
Resistance
In psychoanalysis, a patient’s self-censorship or avoidance of certain topics.
Psychoanalysis
A method of therapy, developed by Sigmund Freud, asserting that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood
Interpretations
In psychoanalysis, explanations of how various thoughts, feelings, and behaviours are linked to prior experiences.
Transference
The tendency to treat one person as if they possess the traits or characteristics of another more familiar person. For example, in psychotherapy, clients might respond to a therapist in ways that resemble the dynamic they have with major figures in their own lives
Psychodynamic approaches
Therapeutic approaches that derive from psychoanalytic theory, which asserts that clinical symptoms arise from unconscious conflicts rooted in childhood
Ego psychology
A school of psychodynamic thought that emphasizes the skills and adaptive capacities of the ego
Object relations
A school of psychodynamic thought that emphasizes the real (as opposed to fantasized) relationships an individual has with important others
Interpersonal therapy (IPT)
A form of therapy focused on helping patients understand how they interact with others and then learn better ways of interacting and communicating
Humanistic approach
An approach to therapy centered around the idea that people must take responsibility for their lives and actions
Client-centered therapy
A form of humanistic therapy, pioneered by Carl Rogers, in which the therapist’s genuineness, unconditioned positive regard, and empathic understanding are crucial to therapeutic success; also known as person-centered therapy, client-centered therapy seeks to help clients accept themselves as they are without pretense or self-imposed limits
Motivational interviewing
A brief, non confrontational, client-centered therapy designed to change specific problematic behaviours such as alcohol or drug use
Gestalt therapy
A form of humanistic therapy, pioneered by Fritz Perls, that aims to help patients integrate inconsistent aspects of themselves into a coherent who by increasing self-awareness and self-acceptance
Experimental therapies
The collective term for modern humanistic therapies
Behavioural approches
A family of therapeutic approaches based on the idea that problematic behaviours are the result of learning
Exposure techniques
Behavioural techniques designed to remove the anxiety connected to a feared stimulus through repeated approach toward the feared stimulus
In vivo exposure
A key step in the behavioural treatment of a phobia in which the individual is exposed to the phobic stimulus in the real world or through interactive computer programs
Token economies
A behavioural therapy technique based on operant conditioning in which patient’s positive behaviours are reinforced with tokens that they can exchange for desirable items
Contingency management
A behavioural therapy in which certain behaviours are reliably followed by well-defined consequences
Modeling
A behavioural therapy technique based on observational learning in which patients learn new skills or change their behaviour by watching and imitating another person
