chapter 14 terms

Question 1

gelatinous connective tissue located between primordial myocardium and endocardium

Answer 1

cardiac jelly

Question 2

grows from roof of primordial atrium toward endocardial cushions

Answer 2

septum primum

Question 3

forms just to the right of septum primum and grows toward endocardial cushions

Answer 3

septum secundum

Question 4

heart moved to right and inverted like a mirror image the right side of the body&raquo_space; caused by improper initial bending of heart tube

Answer 4

dextrocardia

Question 5

heart only organ moved to opposite side of body

Answer 5

isolated dextrocardia

Question 6

heart and abdominal viscera mirror imaged to opposite side of body

Answer 6

dextrocardia situs inversus

Question 7

heart located external to thoracic cavity, due to failure of lateral folds to properly close + agenesis of the sternum and loss of pericardial cavity

Answer 7

ectopia cordis

Question 8

due to anomalies of septum primum or septum secundum

Answer 8

ostium secundum ASDs

Question 9

septum primum fails to fuse with endocardial cushions thereby not closing foramen primum

Answer 9

endocardial cushion defect with patent foramen primum

Question 10

located near opening of superior vena cava&raquo_space; septum did not fully partition sinus venosus

Answer 10

sinus venosus ASDs

Question 11

no partitioning of atria due to all of the above ASDs in the infant

Answer 11

common atrium

Question 12

most common type of significant heart anomaly

most involve membranous septum

small VSDs can close spontaneously during first year

most VSDs of the muscular septum also involve other anomalies

Answer 12

ventricular septal defects

Question 13

failure of truncal ridges to form spiral septum

Answer 13

persistent truncus ateriosus

Question 14

most common form of cyanotic heart disease in newborns

Answer 14

transposition of the great vessels

Question 15

diverts ~ 60% of oxygenated blood past liver directly to the inferior vena cava

Answer 15

ductus venosus

Question 16

directing blood away from pulmonary circulation

Answer 16

right to left shunts

Question 17

directs most of the blood from the right atrium into the left atrium

Answer 17

foramen ovale

Question 18

directs most of the blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta

Answer 18

ductus arteriosus

Question 19

later tissue proliferation and fusion of septums primum and secundum&raquo_space; forms fossa ovale by 3 months

Answer 19

anatomical closure

Question 20

present in 25% of population and clinically insignificant

Answer 20

probe patent foramen ovale (small opening)