Chapter 14 - Stress And Health

Question 1

What are the two types of stressor?

Answer 1

Acute and Chronic

Question 2

What is an acute stressor?

Answer 2

An occasional, limited type of stressor

Question 3

What is a chronic stressor?

Answer 3

A continuous or repeated type of stressor

Question 4

The stress response is associated with which nervous system?

Answer 4

Sympathetic nervous system

Question 5

What is the body function causing the stress response?

Answer 5

HPA-axis

Question 6

What is the HPA-axis?

Answer 6

Hypothalamus-pineal gland-adrenal gland axis

Question 7

What syndrome did Hans Selye propose?

Answer 7

General adaptation syndrome

Question 8

What are the three stages of general adaptation syndrome?

Answer 8

1- Alarm phase
2- Resistance phase
3- Exhaustion phase

Question 9

What type of stress affects your immune system?

Answer 9

Chronic stress

Question 10

What is the name of the study of how the immune system reacts to psychological variables such as stress?

Answer 10

Psychoneuroimmunology

Question 11

How does stress alter the DNA replication?

Answer 11

Through telomeres

Question 12

What is the métaphore used in class for the telomeres?

Answer 12

Caps, e.g. caps on shoe laces

Question 13

How many steps are involved in the interpretation of stressful events?

Answer 13

Two-step process

Question 14

What is the two-step process of stressful event interpretation?

Answer 14

1- Primary appraisal = nature of stressor
2- Secondary appraisal = determining if something is a threat or a challenge

Question 15

What is the difference between a threat and a challenge?

Answer 15

Threats = insurmountable
Challenge = can be surmounted

Question 16

What factor also plays in the secondary appraisal?

Answer 16

Personality factors

Question 17

What are the three type of ways to manage stress?

Answer 17

MBS (mind, body, situational)

Question 18

In mind management, what are the three types of coping?

Answer 18

1- Repressive coping (aka procrastination)
2- Rational coping
3- Reframing

Question 19

What is biofeedback?

Answer 19

A type of mind-body technique to somewhat control bodily function under stress, such as breathing and heart rate

Question 20

What is the function of the HPA-axis?

Answer 20

Counter fight-or-flight response

Question 21

What is the function of the hypothalamus in the HPA-axis?

Answer 21

It’s the one who senses the stress factor and control everything

Question 22

Which hormone is released by the pituitary gland through blood?

Answer 22

ACTH

Question 23

What are the two stress hormones released by the adrenal gland?

Answer 23

Cortisol and norepinephrine

Question 24

What is the consequence of the increase in cortisol level?

Answer 24

It encourages the hippocampus to turn off, therefore its decrease in size

Question 25

What is the consequence of the decrease in size of the hippocampus?

Answer 25

It turns down the stress response THEREFORE NEGATIVE FEEDBACK

Question 26

What is the name of the part of the brain that has the contrary function of the hippocampus in relation to the HPA-axis?

Answer 26

Amygdala

Question 27

Does short term stress reduce the size of the hippocampus?

Answer 27

No, mostly long term consequence