Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Psychology > Chapter 14/15 - Psychological Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 14/15 - Psychological Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

Through what can we reduce the stigma on mental illnesses?

A

Through education

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is there to consider when defining abnormal behaviour?

A

The 3 D’s:
Deviance
Dysfunction
Distress
EXTRA; duration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is the historical view on mental disorders?

A
  • Demonic possessions
  • Supernatural (e.g. witches)
  • moral failings/poor character
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Over the last 200 years, with what did the view on mental disorders change?

A

Medical model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is the idea behind the medical model?

A

Changes the perspective and approach on abnormal behaviours: illness with possible cure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the term that refers to collecting information relevant to the diagnosis of a patient?

A

Assessment (building a connection with patient and illness)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are the three things to assess in a patient?

A

1) problem
2) state/lvl of problem
3) clinical treatment type

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What are the two steps in clinical treatments?

A

1- formulate plan
2- monitor progress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is associated with the assessment results in a clinical diagnosis?

A

Labelling

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the benefits associated with labelling?

A

1) helps clinicians to predict behaviours
2) can inform treatment decisions
3) allows research in specific risk factors
4) individual find comfort in diagnosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the theory that states that causes a person to act in accordance with the diagnosis

A

Labelling theory of mental illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the most popular mental illness classification system?

A

DSM; diagnostic and statistical manual on mental disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are the two models of psychological disorders that comes after the medical model?

A

1) biopsychosocial model
2) diathesis-stress model

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is the term for the feeling of having the disease they are studying for medical students?

A

Medical students disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What disorder is associated with a vague sense of being in danger?

A

Anxiety disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Give me three examples of anxiety disorder discussed in class

A

1) panic disorder; w/ or w/o agoraphobia
2) social anxiety
3) phobic disorder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the term for an irrational fear of a particular object or situation?

A

Specific phobias

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is an older term for social anxiety disorder?

A

Social phobia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the 5 types of phobias?

A
  • Animal
  • Natural environment
  • Situational
  • Blood or injury
  • Others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What type of therapy is the exposure therapy?

A

A behaviour therapy; change maladaptive behaviour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When a person avoids their fear, the act of avoidance relates to what type of behaviour?

A

Negative reinforcement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the term for ranking your fear from lowest to highest?

A

Fear hierarchy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

In exposure therapy, what is the step after classifying one’s fear in a fear hierarchy?

A

Graded exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What are two reason why exposure therapy might not work?

A

1) going through the steps too fast
2) didn’t repeat the exposure enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What are the 6 steps of exposure therapy?
1) make a list (fear hierarchy) 2) make an end goal 3) exposure hierarchy 4) face your fear 5) repeat 6) reinforce courage = sense of accomplishment = dopamine (reward + motivation chemical)
26
What type of disorder is the panic disorder part of?
Anxiety disorder
27
What is the physical feeling panic attacks are similar to?
Heart attacks
28
What is the term for repeated panic attacks that results in a fear of panic attacks happening?
Panic attack disorder
29
What is the name for the fear of being in a situation difficult to escape or get help?
Agoraphobia
30
What is the term for the coexistence of more than one disorder?
Comorbidity
31
What disorder is characterized by the excessive and persistent worry about a number of different things?
GAD (general anxiety disorder)
32
What does the biopsychosocial and distressing-stress models allow for compared to the medical model?
Allow for a more integrative approach
33
What is a good way of treating the specific anxiety disorder of phobias?
Exposure therapy
34
That is the imagery presented in class relating to the idea of mood states that vary along a continuum?
Mood thermometer (low=depression; high=mania)
35
What type of disorder is associated with the alterations in emotional state?
Mood disorders
36
What is the term describing a person that fluctuate between the two ends of the mood thermometer?
Bipolar
37
What is the name of the unipolar condition associated with the ‘low’ end of the mood thermometer?
MDD (major depressive disorder)
38
How long do you have to show 5+ symptoms in order to be diagnosed with MDD?
2+ weeks
39
If your episodes show 1+ signs of mania during MDD assessment, what type of disorder will you likely to be considered in?
Qualify to a bipolar condition (3)
40
What is the term for the inability to experience pleasure?
Anhedonia
41
What are two particular times periods of depression can be experienced?
1) seasonal affective disorder 2) postpartum depression
42
What are the four reasons why women are more likely to experience depression than men?
1) hormonal changes 2) greater life stresses 3) external locus of control in life (less control) 4) more likely to ruminate of previous memories
43
What type of bipolar disorder is associated with being the only one going to the full range of mania and depression?
Bipolar I
44
What bipolar disorder fluctuates the mood between hypomania and depression?
Bipolar II
45
What type of bipolar disorder fluctuates between the range of hypomania, but doesn’t not go into the full range of depression?
Cyclothymic disorder
46
What is the tranquil/normal mood state, when not suffering from mood disorder?
Euthymia
47
Between manic episodes and depressive episodes, which one would women be more likely to experience?
Depressive episodes
48
Which disorder is more likely to have goal directed goals?
Mania
49
What is the difference between hypomania and mania?
Hypomania doesn’t significantly affect daily life
50
What is the most used way to treat mood disorders?
CBT (cognitive behavioural therapy)
51
What form of therapy is the CBT part of?
Psychotherapy
52
What is psychotherapy more focused on?
Problem-oriented + present difficulties
53
What is CBT inspired of?
Cognitive model of depression
54
Who proposed the cognitive model of depression?
Aaron beck
55
What does the cognitive model of depression include regarding the pov of the patient?
Negative triad
56
What is the negative triad?
Negative view of: World Self Future
57
What does negative thoughts, such as the negative triad, lead to?
Cognitive distortions
58
What are the 10 types of cognitive distortions?
PLAJMMODEC - all or nothing - mental filter - overgeneralizing - disqualifying the positive - jumping to conclusion (2) - magnification and minimisation - emotional reasoning - critical words (must, should) - labelling - personalization
59
What is the term for readjusting thinking after cognitive distortion?
Cognitive restructuring
60
What term is used to describe how often episodes of mood disorders occur?
Epidemiology
61
What does treatment do in regards to the epidemiology of mood disorders?
It shortens the length in time of future episodes
62
Usually, how long does CBT last?
6-20 weekly/biweekly sessions
63
How many steps is there to CBT?
5 steps
64
What are the five steps of CBT?
1- assessment 2- goal setting + treatment formulation 3- active intervention + skill building 4- maintenance + relapse prevention 5- termination and evaluation
65
What is mainly used in treating bipolar disorders?
Mood stabilizers
66
What is the role of CBT in treating bipolar disorders?
Adjunctive treatment during its depression and maintenance phases: - reduce severity - enhance medication compliance - recognize patterns of upcoming episodes - for comorbide conditions
67
In pharmacotherapy, how many major classes of antidepressants is there?
5
68
What is the most used antidepressant and why?
SSRIs; less side effects and highest chance of success
69
What does the SSRI treat do to your neurons?
Blocks the reuptake of the serotonin, hormone for mood regulation, and lingers more in the synapse
70
What is the risk associated with using antidepressants when treating bipolar disorders?
Risk of triggering manic episode
71
What is the first step when testing the effectiveness of a new medication
Determining the operational definition

Psychology (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions