Chapter 1.4: Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose Flashcards
Name three of the longest chained forms of GLUCOSE molecules bonded together
STARCH, GLYCOGEN and CELLULOSE
What type of molecule is STARCH?
Beta GLUCOSE MONOMERS
What type of molecule saccharide is STARCH GLYCOGEN and CELLULOSE?
POLYSACCHARIDE
Where is STARCH mostly found in?
Seeds, Storage Organs, Potato
What type of GLUCOSE is STARCH made of?
ALPHA GLUCOSE
What type of reaction make a STARCH POLYMER?
Condensation Reaction
What links each monomer up in a STARCH POLYMER?
GLYCOSIDIC Bonds
What type of STARCH can coil up?
An UNBRANCHED STARCH
Why do UNBRANCHED STARCH AND GLYCOGEN coil up?
It allows more space for other STARCH molecules to enter and coil up. This means that more can be stored for long term energy.
Why are STARCH AND GLYCOGEN MOLECULES BRANCHED?
It allows more surface area for enzyme action to break it down into glucose molecules for RESPIRATION
What is the solution used to test STARCH MOLECULE?
IODINE SOLUTION
Why is STARCH INSOLUBLE?
Therefore it doesn’t not affect the WATER POTENTIAL, so water is not drawn into the cells by OSMOSIS
Why is STARCH LARGE?
So it does NOT DIFFUSE out of the cell
Why is STARCH COMPACT?
So it can be sorted in a SMALL SPACE
Why does STARCH COIL UP?
(Polarised thingy) need to search up
Are all of the PROPERTIES OF STARCH same as the PROPERTIES OF GLYCOGEN?
Yes mostly but…
Starch - Beta
Glycogen - Alpha
Glycogen has more BRANCHES so it can be acted on SIMULTANEOUSLY BY ENZYMES as animals have more active actions and have a HIGHER METABOLIC RATE
Where is STARCH found that GLYCOGEN isn’t found?
PLANTS
Where is GLYCOGEN found that STARCH Isn’t?
Animals
What type of GLUCOSE is CELLULOSE made out of?
BOTH ALPHA AND BETA GLUCOSE
The CELLULOSE chain, unlike STARCH, allows hydrogen bonds to be formed between hydroxyl groups on adjacent parallel chains. How is this achieved?
The adjacent glucose molecules are rotated by 180 degrees. This helps to give cellulose its structural stability.
