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Biology > Chapter 1.4: Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose > Flashcards

Chapter 1.4: Starch, Glycogen and Cellulose Flashcards

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1
Q

Name three of the longest chained forms of GLUCOSE molecules bonded together

A

STARCH, GLYCOGEN and CELLULOSE

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2
Q

What type of molecule is STARCH?

A

Beta GLUCOSE MONOMERS

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3
Q

What type of molecule saccharide is STARCH GLYCOGEN and CELLULOSE?

A

POLYSACCHARIDE

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4
Q

Where is STARCH mostly found in?

A

Seeds, Storage Organs, Potato

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5
Q

What type of GLUCOSE is STARCH made of?

A

ALPHA GLUCOSE

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6
Q

What type of reaction make a STARCH POLYMER?

A

Condensation Reaction

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7
Q

What links each monomer up in a STARCH POLYMER?

A

GLYCOSIDIC Bonds

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8
Q

What type of STARCH can coil up?

A

An UNBRANCHED STARCH

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9
Q

Why do UNBRANCHED STARCH AND GLYCOGEN coil up?

A

It allows more space for other STARCH molecules to enter and coil up. This means that more can be stored for long term energy.

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10
Q

Why are STARCH AND GLYCOGEN MOLECULES BRANCHED?

A

It allows more surface area for enzyme action to break it down into glucose molecules for RESPIRATION

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11
Q

What is the solution used to test STARCH MOLECULE?

A

IODINE SOLUTION

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12
Q

Why is STARCH INSOLUBLE?

A

Therefore it doesn’t not affect the WATER POTENTIAL, so water is not drawn into the cells by OSMOSIS

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13
Q

Why is STARCH LARGE?

A

So it does NOT DIFFUSE out of the cell

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14
Q

Why is STARCH COMPACT?

A

So it can be sorted in a SMALL SPACE

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15
Q

Why does STARCH COIL UP?

A

(Polarised thingy) need to search up

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16
Q

Are all of the PROPERTIES OF STARCH same as the PROPERTIES OF GLYCOGEN?

A

Yes mostly but…

Starch - Beta
Glycogen - Alpha

Glycogen has more BRANCHES so it can be acted on SIMULTANEOUSLY BY ENZYMES as animals have more active actions and have a HIGHER METABOLIC RATE

17
Q

Where is STARCH found that GLYCOGEN isn’t found?

A

PLANTS

18
Q

Where is GLYCOGEN found that STARCH Isn’t?

A

Animals

19
Q

What type of GLUCOSE is CELLULOSE made out of?

A

BOTH ALPHA AND BETA GLUCOSE

20
Q

The CELLULOSE chain, unlike STARCH, allows hydrogen bonds to be formed between hydroxyl groups on adjacent parallel chains. How is this achieved?

A

The adjacent glucose molecules are rotated by 180 degrees. This helps to give cellulose its structural stability.

Biology (8 decks)

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