Chapter 1.1: Introduction to Biological Molecules

Question 1

Atoms share a pair of electrons in their outer shell. As a result the outer shell of both atoms is filled and a more stable compound, called a molecule, is formed

Answer 1

COVALENT BONDING

Question 2

Ions with opposite charges attract one another. The electrostatic attraction is known as an ionic bond.

Answer 2

IONIC BONDING

Question 3

The electrons within a molecule are not evenly distributed but tend to spend more time at one position. They have a slight + or - charge and -are attracted from outer orbits of atoms, (polarised molecule attraction).

Answer 3

HYDROGEN BONDING

Question 4

What is the basic unit that forms a sequence to form a larger unit?

Answer 4

MONOMER

Question 5

When monomers join together, what do they form and what is that process called?

Answer 5

POLYMERS, POLYMERISATION

Question 6

What is CONDENSATION reaction?

Answer 6

It is when a water molecule is produced as a bi-product if the joining of 2 monomers or polymers

Question 7

What is HYDROLYSIS reaction?

Answer 7

It is when water molecules are used to split up a polymer. (‘Hydro’ = water; ‘lysis’ = splitting)

Question 8

All the chemical processes that take place in living organisms are collectively called “?”

Answer 8

METABOLISM

Question 9

What is the SI unit for measuring the amount of a substance of atoms?

Answer 9

MOLES (mol)

Question 10

How much atoms is in ONE MOLE? (3.d.p)

Answer 10

6.022 x 10*23

Question 11

What is a MOLAR SOLUTION?

Answer 11

It is a solution that contains one mole of solute in each litre of solution

Question 12

What is the molecular mass of NaCl? (Na = 23; Cl = 35.5)

Answer 12

Mr of NaCl: 58.5

Question 13

Q: Name the element that contains one proton and one electron

Answer 13

HYDROGEN

Question 14

Q: If an atomic particle with no overall charge is added to this element, state which general term can be used to describe the new form of the element

Answer 14

ISOTOPE

Question 15

Q: Determine by what percentage the element’s mass number is altered by the addition of this new particle

Answer 15

100% (it is doubled as neutrons have the same mass as protons)

Question 16

Q: Determine how the atomic number is affected by the addition of this new particle

Answer 16

It is unchanged (the atomic number is the number of protons and this remains as one).

Question 17

Q: State what is formed if a negatively charged particle is removed from a hydrogen atom

Answer 17

HYDROGEN ION

Question 18

Q: State how the mass number is changed by the removal of this negatively charged particle

Answer 18

It is not changed (mass number is the number of protons and neutrons).