Chapter 14 speech

Question 1

Burden of proof

Answer 1

your obligation as a speaker to show that they should accept what you propose

Question 2

presumption

Answer 2

the inherent advantage in keeping things the way they are

Question 3

evidence

Answer 3

testimony, statistics, examples, and images used to support arguments

Question 4

claim

Answer 4

an observation or conclusion

Question 5

warrant

Answer 5

the rationale for making a claim from evidence

Question 6

reasoning from example

Answer 6

using examples to make a broader point

Question 7

reasoning from analogy

Answer 7

making comparison between two objects

Question 8

reasoning from causal generalizations

Answer 8

applying a specific case to a causal relationship

Question 9

reasoning from sign

Answer 9

noting that the presence or absence of a charateristic indicates the presence or absence of an object or idea

Question 10

fallacy

Answer 10

any type of error in reasoning process

Question 11

Persuasive preface

Answer 11

indicates widespread acceptance of an idea without using evidence

Question 12

emotional language

Answer 12

inaccurately characterizes something by using emotional adjectives

Question 13

slippery slope

Answer 13

fallacy assumes that once a course of action is started, it will be followed to its final conclusion

Question 14

bandwagon

Answer 14

fallacy assumes that because many people are doing something, the action is reasonable

Question 15

appeal to tradition

Answer 15

assumes that past actions should continue simply for the sake of tradition

Question 16

hasty generalization

Answer 16

assumes that all members of a group will have similar characteristics without fully studying the group

Question 17

different types of reasoning

Answer 17

example, analogy, causal generalization, sign

Question 18

components of an argument

Answer 18

evidence, claim, warrant