Chapter 14: Specialized Courts Flashcards
Specialized Courts
Aka: Problem-solving Courts
Limited-jurisdiction courts that focus primarily on
-drug offenses
-domestic violence
-offenders with mental health problems
Broken Windows Argument
Scholars argued targeting minor crime (i.e. drug offenses, vandalism, etc…) would result in more serious crimes
James Q. Wilson and George Kellings argued with the Broken Windows Theory, that __________ ____________ should start taking more ______________ measures to _________ public order and increase _________ accountability to stop crime, instead of being ____________.
Police departments; preventative, maintain; community; reactive
Overall, the start of ___________ __________ courts, was the idea that focusing on _______ and ________ problems within ___________, the police would reduce __________ __________, fear of ________ and _________ itself.
Problem solving; small; large; neighborhoods; urban disorder; crime; crime
Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994
Attorney general funds drug courts (across country).
As a result of the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act of 1994, by the end of ________, there were ______ operating _________ __________ in the United States.
1994; 40; drug courts
Violence against Women Act provided ___________ and _________ funding to communities to combat ______________ ________________, _______________ ________________, and other forms of _____________ targeting ________________. This legislation sparked the establishment of several ____________ _______________ courts around the country.
state; local; domestic violence; sexual assault; violence; women; domestic violence
In 1989, by the __________ ____________ of Florida and the Dade County (Miami) ___________ _____________, the nations first _____________ diversion court was established. Under this court, _____________ offenders were sentenced to routine, _______________ supervised _____________ treatment.
Attorney General; public defender; drug; drug; judicially; drug
In 1996, Marion County, Indiana established its Psychiatric Assertive Identification Response program; it was the nations first _____________ ___________ court.
mental illness
New York established the nations first ______________ ______________ court.
domestic violence
In 1989, San Diego established the first __________________ court.
homelessness
In 1999, the U.S. Department of Justice funded ______ “____________” courts, which would help _________________ those who have recently been released from _____________, back into the _______________.
9; reentry; reintegrate; prison; community
6 Principles of Problem-Solving Justice
1) Enhanced Information
2) Community Engagement
3) Collaboration
4) Individual Justice
5) Accountability
6) Outcomes
1) Enhanced Information: _____________ of the ______________ that fuel an offender’s ___________ ______________, and ____________ knowledge of the offender.
knowledge; circumstances; criminal behavior; background
2) Community Engagement & 3) Collaboration: Problem-solving courts believe it’s important to ______________ with _______________ members and listen to their concerns about ____________ and ___________ in the community. Public safety is improved when ___________ ____________ collaborates with the ____________, ____________ services, __________, etc. to develop case plans to target an offender’s _______________.
interact; community; justice; crime; law enforcement; government; social; schools; problems
4) Individualized Justice: Believes defendant’s shouldn’t be treated like just another ___________ on the ___________ ___________. This view holds that problems solving justice is aware that some defendants have ______________ lives, so judges are equipped with the tools necessary to create a sentence ________________ to the _____________’s needs, reducing the likelihood of ______________, reintegrating him/her as a productive member of society.
case; court docket; complicated; tailored; defendant’s; recidivism
5) Accountability: Problem solving justice also emphasizes ______________ and ____________ among defendants with the treatment and educational requirements set by the court. Compliance is ensured through ____________between the ______________ and ____________ personnel, and _____________is ensured through swift _______________ as a result of failure to meet the court’s requirements.
accountability; compliance; meetings; defendant; court; accountability; punishment
6) Case Outcomes: Problem-solving courts are less interested in the number of cases handled per day, and more interested in…
- Offender ______________ rate
- Offender ______________ rate
- _________________ attainment made by the defendant
- ____________ and ______________ health
- ______________ prospects
graduation; recidivism; educational; physical; mental; employment
Restorative Justice
views punishment as a means of repairing harm / injury done during crime
Focuses on the victim, offender, community
Restorative Justice focuses primarily on 1) ___________ and 2) ____________.
Harm; Repair
Restorative justice is usually facilitated through a _____________ between the _________, the ________________’s family, the ______________, the ______________’s family, and the _____________. There, each of the parties will discuss the ___________ the crime had on the _____________, __________________, and _________________, and collectively decide an appropriate __________________.
meeting; victim; victim’s; offender; offender’s; community; impact; victim; offender; community; sanction
The ____________ under which defendants in ____________ -_____________ courts go through is very different from the _____________ ____________ court process, but the _____________ are similar: restitution, community service, fines, short jail term etc…
PROCESS; problem-solving; criminal justice; OUTCOMES
