Chapter 14 solutions

Question 1

Define solvent

Answer 1

Greatest quantity in a component

Question 2

Define solute

Answer 2

Rest of the minority in a component

Question 3

How does entropy affect solution

Answer 3

A solution forms as a substance disperses through the solution

Question 4

What is a condensed phases

Answer 4

Gaseous mixtures involve substance to be condensed

Question 5

Of the two forces
Ion-dipole forces & London disp.forces which dominate ionic/polar solutions and the other dominate nonpolar solutions?

Answer 5

Ion-dipole forces dominate ionic /polar solutions
London dispersion forces dominate nonpolar solutions

Question 6

Define solute -solute interactions

Answer 6

Attractive forces hold solids together

Question 7

Define solvent - solute forces

Answer 7

Attractive forces between water and what ever solid particles

Question 8

Define solvated

Answer 8

When solvent molecules surround and interact with solute ions

Question 9

When are ionic solute encased in solvation sphere?

Answer 9

When they are solvated

Question 10

What’s the sign for enthalpy

Answer 10

∆ H

Question 11

What’s the sign for entropy

Answer 11

∆ S

Question 12

Is solution formation physical or chemical?

Answer 12

Physical
Chemical reactions can lead to a solution but only after a chemical reaction has occurred

Question 13

How does crystallization form

Answer 13

When a solid dissolves its concentration ⬇️ when solute ions colliding with one another to form

Question 14

What does to mean when a solution is saturated?

Answer 14

It has reached a equilibrium it needs to reach solubility

Question 15

Define solubility

Answer 15

Amount of a compound that dissolves in a particular amount of liquid

Question 16

Define solution

Answer 16

The maximum amount of solute under certain conditions

Question 17

Define unsaturated solution

Answer 17

One holding less than the maximum amount of solute

Question 18

How does temperature affect solute?

Answer 18

It can under special conditions dissolve the solute

Question 19

Define miscible

Answer 19

The ability of a liquid to completely dissolve in another.
Polar liquids in polar solvents

Question 20

Define immiscible

Answer 20

Liquid never fully mix with one another
Nonpolar liquids in polar solvents

Question 21

Are polar liquid immiscible in non polar solvent?

Answer 21

Yes

Question 22

Does solubility in water decrease or increase with increasing temperature?

Answer 22

Increase

Question 23

Does solubility of gas in water increase or decrease with increasing temperature?

Answer 23

Deceeases

Question 24

How does pressure affect solubility?

Answer 24

Increased pressure at vapor pressure = ⬆️ soluble gas in liquid

Question 25

Define mass %

Answer 25

Expressed by dividing mass of component in solution by the mass of solution (x100%)

Question 26

Define mole fraction

Answer 26

Moles of components / total moles of all components

Question 27

Define molarity

Answer 27

Mol solute /L solution

Question 28

Define molality

Answer 28

Mol solute / kg solvent , depends on mass of solvent and does not vary w/temperature

Question 29

Define molality

Answer 29

Mol solute / kg solvent , depends on mass of solvent and does not vary w/temperature

Question 30

Define Colligative properties

Answer 30

Properties that depend on the concentration of the solute ions , not the identity of the solute

Question 31

Define lowering vapor pressure

Answer 31

Adding nonvolatile solute to a solvent to lower vapor pressure

Question 32

Define boiling point elevation

Answer 32

Normal boiling point for a liquid is the temperature at which the vapor pressure equals 1atm. A higher temp = vapor pressure of 1 atm

Question 33

Define is osmotic pressure

Answer 33

Driven by solute - solvent interactions