Chapter 14 - Second language acquisition/learning

Question 1

Second language acquisition/learning

Answer 1

Acquisition is gradually developing ability in a language by using it in natural communicative environments. Learning is a more conscious process when learning grammar, typically in an institutional setting.

Question 2

Acquisition barriers

Answer 2

Around puberty there is a barrier, after that barrier it is hard to become fluent in a second language.

Question 3

Affective factors

Answer 3

Negative factors or experiences that creates a barrier for learning a second language. Stress, shy, dull books etc.

Question 4

The grammar translation method

Answer 4

Learning it like any other academic subject. Vocabulary lists, sets of grammar rules, memorization and written language rather than spoken.

Question 5

The audiolingual method

Answer 5

Repeating oral drills.

Question 6

Communicative approaches

Answer 6

Functions of language should be emphasized rather than the forms of the language (grammar, phonological structures).

Question 7

Transfer (positive and negative)

Answer 7

Using sounds, expressions and structures from L1. Positive is when they are similar, and you have a use of your L1 language. Negative is when features in L1 are much different than in L2 and it hinders

Question 8

Interlanguage

Answer 8

When learning L2 the language the learner produces will contain errors that is not in L2 (adult or baby) but not in L1 either.

Question 9

Fossilization

Answer 9

When interlanguage becomes fixed and no further development of language occurs.

Question 10

Instrumental motivation

Answer 10

Want to learn L2 to achieve a goal (as being able to read articles or finish high school).

Question 11

Integrative motivation

Answer 11

Want to learn L2 for social purposes, become part of community.

Question 12

Input

Answer 12

The language the learner is exposed to

Question 13

Negotiated input

Answer 13

L2 material the learner acquires in interaction through requests for clarification while active attention is focused on what is said.

Question 14

Output

Answer 14

Speaking L2. Important in L2 learning

Question 15

Communicative competence

Answer 15

general ability to use the language accurately, appropriate and flexibly. Is composed of grammatical competence (accurate use of words and structure), sociolinguistic competence (when to say what, according to context etc), and strategic competence (organize a message effectively and to compensate, via strategies, for any difficulties. For example explain with other words).