Chapter 11 - Discourse analysis

Question 1

Cohesion

Answer 1

The ties and connections that exists within a text.

Question 2

Cohesive ties

Answer 2

the individual connections in a text. Father-he-he-he; a Lincoln-that car-the convertible.

Question 3

Coherence

Answer 3

the connections that create a meaningful interpretation of a text. A lot of what is meant is not actually said, but we understand from reading between the lines and fitting to our experience.

Question 4

Turns

Answer 4

When a person is talking in a conversation.

Question 5

Turn taking

Answer 5

We take turn talking in a conversation. If we have a different convention of turn-taking we are perhaps seen as rude or shy.

Question 6

Completion point

Answer 6

Paus at end of sentence to point out that we are finished.

Question 7

Filled paus

Answer 7

When we use sounds instead of paus to inhibit turn-taking. Em, er, you know.

Question 8

Adjacency pair

Answer 8

is an example of conversational turn-taking. An adjacency pair is composed of two utterances by two speakers, one after the other. The speaking of the first utterance (the first-pair part, or the first turn) provokes a responding utterance (the second-pair part, or the second turn).For example, a question such as “What’s your name?” requires the addressee to provide an answer in the following turn, thus completing the adjacency pair.

Question 9

Insertion sequence

Answer 9

An insertion sequence is a sequence of turns that intervenes between the first and second parts of an adjacency pair.

Question 10

The co-operative principle

Answer 10

Participants are co-operating with each other. Four Gricean maxims: Quantity (informative but not too much), Quality (don’t say what you believe is false or have no evidence), Relation (be relevant), Manner (clear, brief and orderly).

Question 11

Hedge

Answer 11

Certain types of expression to show that we are concerned about following the maxims while being cooperative participants in conversation. “As far as I know” “Now, correct me if I’m wrong”.

Question 12

Implicature

Answer 12

1. When we imply something. “Are you going to the part?” answer “I have an exam tomorrow”. Not really an answer, but we understand what it means.

Question 13

Schema

Answer 13

A general term for a conventional knowledge structure that exists in memory. You don’t have to be told what a supermarket is when a friend talks about what happened in one.

Question 14

Script

Answer 14

A dynamic schema. We all have a version for the series of events that “going to the dentist” means.