Chapter 14 - Pathology

Question 1

AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)

Answer 1

Group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems

Question 2

Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: Candidiasis

Answer 2

Infects the mouth, respiratory tract, and skin

Question 3

Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: Cryptococcal Infection

Answer 3

Causes infection in the lung, brain, and blood.

Question 4

Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: Cryptosporidiosis

Answer 4

Parasitic infection of the GI tract, brain, and spinal cord

Question 5

Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection

Answer 5

Viruses causes enteritis (inflammation of the small intestine) and retinitis (inflammation of the retina at the back of the eye)

Question 6

Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: Herpes Simplex

Answer 6

Viral infection causes small blisters on the skin of the lips or nose or genitals.

Question 7

Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: histoplasmosis (Histo)

Answer 7

Fungal infection caused by inhalation of dust contamination. Causes fever, chills, and lung infection.

Question 8

Mycobacterium Avium (MAI) complex infection

Answer 8

Bacterial disease manifesting with fever, malaise, night sweats, anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss, lung and blood infections.

Question 9

Pneumocystis pneumonia (!!!)

Answer 9

One-cell organism causes lung infection, with fever, cough, and chest pain.

Question 10

Toxoplasmosis (!!!)

Answer 10

Parasitic infection involving the CNS (central nervous system).

Causes fever, chills, visual disturbances, confusion , and hemiparesis

Question 11

Tuberculosis (TB)

Answer 11

Bacterial disease involving the lungs, brains, and other organs.

Symptoms: Fever, cough, loss of weight, anorexia, and blood in sputum

Question 12

Organ specific infection of: Eyes

Answer 12

Cytomegalovirus infection

Question 13

Organ specific infection of: mouth and throat

Answer 13

Candidiasis

Question 14

Organ specific infection of: skin

Answer 14

Herpes simplex

Question 15

Organ specific infection of: Brain

Answer 15

Toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcal infection, and cryptosporidiosis

Question 16

Organ-specific infection of: lungs

Answer 16

Pneumocystis pneumonia, mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAI), TB, and Histoplasmosis

Question 17

Organ-specific of: Gut

Answer 17

Cytomegalovirus and cryptosporidiosis

Question 18

Organ specific infection of: Genitals

Answer 18

Herpes simplex, Candidiasis

Question 19

Wasting syndrome

Answer 19

Weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite and mental activity. Associated with AIDS.

Question 20

What are the drugs that treat AIDS?

Answer 20

1. Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI)
2. Protease Inhibitors
3. HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy)

Question 21

Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTI)

Answer 21

Inhibit viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase. HIV needs reverse transcriptase to multiply and grow.

Question 22

Protease Inhibitors

Answer 22

Inhibit viral proteolytic enzyme. HIV needs protease to reproduce.

Question 23

HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy)

Answer 23

Combination of RTI and protease inhibitors

Question 24

Allergy

Answer 24

Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen

Question 25

Lymphoma

Answer 25

Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue

Question 26

Hodgkin lymphoma

Answer 26

Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes

Question 27

Non-Hodgkin lymphomas

Answer 27

Group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. Follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma.

Question 28

HIV

Answer 28

Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The retrovirus that causes AIDS

Question 29

Kaposi Sarcoma

Answer 29

Malignant lesion associated with AIDS; cancer arises from the lining of capillaries appearing as red, purple, brown or black skin.

Question 30

Anaphylaxis

Answer 30

Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or substance.