Chapter 14 - Pathology Flashcards
AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome)
Group of clinical signs and symptoms associated with suppression of the immune system and marked by opportunistic infections, secondary neoplasms, and neurologic problems
Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: Candidiasis
Infects the mouth, respiratory tract, and skin
Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: Cryptococcal Infection
Causes infection in the lung, brain, and blood.
Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: Cryptosporidiosis
Parasitic infection of the GI tract, brain, and spinal cord
Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection
Viruses causes enteritis (inflammation of the small intestine) and retinitis (inflammation of the retina at the back of the eye)
Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: Herpes Simplex
Viral infection causes small blisters on the skin of the lips or nose or genitals.
Opportunistic Infections with AIDS: histoplasmosis (Histo)
Fungal infection caused by inhalation of dust contamination. Causes fever, chills, and lung infection.
Mycobacterium Avium (MAI) complex infection
Bacterial disease manifesting with fever, malaise, night sweats, anorexia, diarrhea, weight loss, lung and blood infections.
Pneumocystis pneumonia (!!!)
One-cell organism causes lung infection, with fever, cough, and chest pain.
Toxoplasmosis (!!!)
Parasitic infection involving the CNS (central nervous system).
Causes fever, chills, visual disturbances, confusion , and hemiparesis
Tuberculosis (TB)
Bacterial disease involving the lungs, brains, and other organs.
Symptoms: Fever, cough, loss of weight, anorexia, and blood in sputum
Organ specific infection of: Eyes
Cytomegalovirus infection
Organ specific infection of: mouth and throat
Candidiasis
Organ specific infection of: skin
Herpes simplex
Organ specific infection of: Brain
Toxoplasmosis, Cryptococcal infection, and cryptosporidiosis
Organ-specific infection of: lungs
Pneumocystis pneumonia, mycobacterium avium intracellulare complex (MAI), TB, and Histoplasmosis
Organ-specific of: Gut
Cytomegalovirus and cryptosporidiosis
Organ specific infection of: Genitals
Herpes simplex, Candidiasis
Wasting syndrome
Weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite and mental activity. Associated with AIDS.
What are the drugs that treat AIDS?
- Reverse transcriptase inhibitors (RTI)
- Protease Inhibitors
- HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy)
Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors (RTI)
Inhibit viral enzyme called reverse transcriptase. HIV needs reverse transcriptase to multiply and grow.
Protease Inhibitors
Inhibit viral proteolytic enzyme. HIV needs protease to reproduce.
HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy)
Combination of RTI and protease inhibitors
Allergy
Abnormal hypersensitivity acquired by exposure to an antigen
Lymphoma
Malignant tumor of lymph nodes and lymph tissue
Hodgkin lymphoma
Malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in spleen and lymph nodes
Non-Hodgkin lymphomas
Group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. Follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma.
HIV
Human Immunodeficiency Virus. The retrovirus that causes AIDS
Kaposi Sarcoma
Malignant lesion associated with AIDS; cancer arises from the lining of capillaries appearing as red, purple, brown or black skin.
Anaphylaxis
Exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or substance.
