Chapter 14 - Important Slides Flashcards
What are the 3 functions of lymphatic system?
- Transport of protein and fluid that have leaked out of the bloodstream back into blood
- Absorb fats from small intestines and transport them to the blood
- Immune functions
What are the 2 WBCs in the lymph?
- Lymphocytes
2. Monocytes
What is the difference in color between lymph and blood?
Lymph = colorless
Blood = red
What are the difference of cell types between lymph and blood?
Lymph = WBC = lymphocytes and monocytes
Blood = all blood cells = erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets
What is the main composition difference between lymph and blood?
Lymphocytes = interstitial fluid
Blood = plasma
What are the 6 major sites of lymph node concentration?
- Cervical
- Axillary
- Mesenteric
- Mediastinal
- Paraarotic
- Inguinal
What are the 2 large ducts that all lymph vessels drain toward to?
- Right Lymphatic Duct
2. Thoracic Duct
Which side of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain into?
Right side of the head and the chest (smaller area). Carries lymph into large veins in the neck.
Which side of the body does the thoracic duct drain?
Drains the lower body and the left side of the upper part of the body (left side of the head). Carries lymph also into large veins in the neck
What does the lymph node produce?
- Lymphocytes
- Macrophages
- B lymphocytes = B cells
- T lymphocytes = T cells
Where do B cells originate from and mature in? (!!!)
B cells originate AND matures in the bone marrow
Where do T cells originate from and mature? (!!!)
Originate from the bone marrow, produce in the thymus gland and matures in the thymus
What are the 4 important functions of spleen? (!!!)
- Destroys old RBCs by macrophage
- Filtration of blood. Filters out microorganisms and foreign materials.
- Activation of lymphocytes - activates T and B cells. B-cells produce antibodies, and T-cells attack foreign materials.
- Storage of blood
How are the structures of lymph vessels and veins similar?
Both have valves, no pump.
How is the lymph fluid moved as compared to the blood being moved? (!!!)
Lymph = no pump = fluid moved along by smooth and skeletal muscle movements and valves for preventing backflow
Blood = heart pumps blood through blood vessels
How do lymphatic vessels move fluid in the body?
- It’s location of reentry. Low pressure area, easier to get into heart
- Valves
- Smooth and skeletal muscle movements.
What is the importance of the thymus gland?
- Produces T cells
- Provides immunity in fetal life and early years of growth
- Critical for immunity function
What does the lymphoid organ compose of? Function?
- Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils, and adenoids
2. Produces lymphocytes and antibodies
What is natural immunity?
Resistance present at birth; does not depend on prior exposure to antigen
What are examples of natural immunity?
- Phagocytosis
- Macrophages
- Natural Killer Cells
What is a key difference between natural immunity and adaptive immunity?
Natural = there is no immunological memory, so doesn’t remember the pathogen or antigen it fought.
Adaptive = Recognizes and remembers. Like T and B cells and they fight harder the next time.
What is artificial immunity?
Immunity develop due to medical intervention
What is active immunity?
Your body develops the T cells and antibodies
What is passive immunity?
Previously developed antibodies are given to you
What is naturally acquired active immunity? (!!!)
Immunity develop through daily exposure to pathogens.
Ex: having an infection (cold or flu)
What is naturally acquired passive immunity? (!!!)
Antibodies are transferred from immune to non-immune person
Ex: placenta or breast milk, and maternal antibodies
What is artificially acquired active immunity? (!!!)
Medically introduced antigen to build immunity.
Ex: Vaccination, transfers of immune cells from a donor
What is artificially acquired passive immunity? (!!!)
Medically introduced human/animal antibodies. Injections.
Ex: antitoxins, immunoglobulins
Which kind of immunity from disease can a baby receive through its mother’s breast milk?
Naturally acquired passive immunity
What are the two components to adaptive immunity?
- Humoral immunity = B cells
2. Cell-mediated immunity = T cells
How do B-cells provide humoral immunity?
B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens (virus or bacteria). Also produces immunoglobulins, which are specific antibodies.
Where do immunoglobulins derive from?
B cells matures into plasma cells that produces the immunoglobulins to block the effects of antigens
How do T cells provide cell mediated immunity?
Involves 3 different types of T cell action:
- Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
- Helper T cells (CD4+)
- Suppressor T cells (also called regulatory T cells or Tregs)
What are the cytotoxic T cells?
(CD8+) = they attach to antigens on cells surface and kill them. They also secreted cytokines = interferons and interleukins
