Chapter 14 - Important Slides

Question 1

What are the 3 functions of lymphatic system?

Answer 1

1. Transport of protein and fluid that have leaked out of the bloodstream back into blood
2. Absorb fats from small intestines and transport them to the blood
3. Immune functions

Question 2

What are the 2 WBCs in the lymph?

Answer 2

1. Lymphocytes

2. Monocytes

Question 3

What is the difference in color between lymph and blood?

Answer 3

Lymph = colorless

Blood = red

Question 4

What are the difference of cell types between lymph and blood?

Answer 4

Lymph = WBC = lymphocytes and monocytes

Blood = all blood cells = erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

Question 5

What is the main composition difference between lymph and blood?

Answer 5

Lymphocytes = interstitial fluid

Blood = plasma

Question 6

What are the 6 major sites of lymph node concentration?

Answer 6

1. Cervical
2. Axillary
3. Mesenteric
4. Mediastinal
5. Paraarotic
6. Inguinal

Question 7

What are the 2 large ducts that all lymph vessels drain toward to?

Answer 7

1. Right Lymphatic Duct

2. Thoracic Duct

Question 8

Which side of the body does the right lymphatic duct drain into?

Answer 8

Right side of the head and the chest (smaller area). Carries lymph into large veins in the neck.

Question 9

Which side of the body does the thoracic duct drain?

Answer 9

Drains the lower body and the left side of the upper part of the body (left side of the head). Carries lymph also into large veins in the neck

Question 10

What does the lymph node produce?

Answer 10

1. Lymphocytes
2. Macrophages
3. B lymphocytes = B cells
4. T lymphocytes = T cells

Question 11

Where do B cells originate from and mature in? (!!!)

Answer 11

B cells originate AND matures in the bone marrow

Question 12

Where do T cells originate from and mature? (!!!)

Answer 12

Originate from the bone marrow, produce in the thymus gland and matures in the thymus

Question 13

What are the 4 important functions of spleen? (!!!)

Answer 13

1. Destroys old RBCs by macrophage
2. Filtration of blood. Filters out microorganisms and foreign materials.
3. Activation of lymphocytes - activates T and B cells. B-cells produce antibodies, and T-cells attack foreign materials.
4. Storage of blood

Question 14

How are the structures of lymph vessels and veins similar?

Answer 14

Both have valves, no pump.

Question 15

How is the lymph fluid moved as compared to the blood being moved? (!!!)

Answer 15

Lymph = no pump = fluid moved along by smooth and skeletal muscle movements and valves for preventing backflow

Blood = heart pumps blood through blood vessels

Question 16

How do lymphatic vessels move fluid in the body?

Answer 16

1. It’s location of reentry. Low pressure area, easier to get into heart
2. Valves
3. Smooth and skeletal muscle movements.

Question 17

What is the importance of the thymus gland?

Answer 17

1. Produces T cells
2. Provides immunity in fetal life and early years of growth
3. Critical for immunity function

Question 18

What does the lymphoid organ compose of? Function?

Answer 18

1. Lymph nodes, spleen, thymus gland, tonsils, and adenoids

2. Produces lymphocytes and antibodies

Question 19

What is natural immunity?

Answer 19

Resistance present at birth; does not depend on prior exposure to antigen

Question 20

What are examples of natural immunity?

Answer 20

1. Phagocytosis
2. Macrophages
3. Natural Killer Cells

Question 21

What is a key difference between natural immunity and adaptive immunity?

Answer 21

Natural = there is no immunological memory, so doesn’t remember the pathogen or antigen it fought.

Adaptive = Recognizes and remembers. Like T and B cells and they fight harder the next time.

Question 22

What is artificial immunity?

Answer 22

Immunity develop due to medical intervention

Question 23

What is active immunity?

Answer 23

Your body develops the T cells and antibodies

Question 24

What is passive immunity?

Answer 24

Previously developed antibodies are given to you

Question 25

What is naturally acquired active immunity? (!!!)

Answer 25

Immunity develop through daily exposure to pathogens.

Ex: having an infection (cold or flu)

Question 26

What is naturally acquired passive immunity? (!!!)

Answer 26

Antibodies are transferred from immune to non-immune person

Ex: placenta or breast milk, and maternal antibodies

Question 27

What is artificially acquired active immunity? (!!!)

Answer 27

Medically introduced antigen to build immunity.

Ex: Vaccination, transfers of immune cells from a donor

Question 28

What is artificially acquired passive immunity? (!!!)

Answer 28

Medically introduced human/animal antibodies. Injections.

Ex: antitoxins, immunoglobulins

Question 29

Which kind of immunity from disease can a baby receive through its mother’s breast milk?

Answer 29

Naturally acquired passive immunity

Question 30

What are the two components to adaptive immunity?

Answer 30

1. Humoral immunity = B cells

2. Cell-mediated immunity = T cells

Question 31

How do B-cells provide humoral immunity?

Answer 31

B cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens (virus or bacteria). Also produces immunoglobulins, which are specific antibodies.

Question 32

Where do immunoglobulins derive from?

Answer 32

B cells matures into plasma cells that produces the immunoglobulins to block the effects of antigens

Question 33

How do T cells provide cell mediated immunity?

Answer 33

Involves 3 different types of T cell action:

1. Cytotoxic T cells (CD8+)
2. Helper T cells (CD4+)
3. Suppressor T cells (also called regulatory T cells or Tregs)

Question 34

What are the cytotoxic T cells?

Answer 34

(CD8+) = they attach to antigens on cells surface and kill them. They also secreted cytokines = interferons and interleukins