Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

NU155 Med Surg > Chapter 14: Lower Respiratory Disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 14: Lower Respiratory Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

What is acute bronchitis caused by?

A

Inflammation of the trachea and bronchi caused by virus or bacteria leading to infection

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are some symptoms of acute bronchitis ?

A
  • cough with or without sputum
  • sore throat, runny nose
  • headache, muscle aches, fatigue
    SIMILAR TO THAT OF A COMMON COLD
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Treatment of acute bronchitis ?

A

-humidification of want or cool moist air
- cough suppressants or bronchodilators
- antibiotics are used if sputum culture identifies specific organism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is chronic bronchitis?

A

Inflammation of bronchi and bronchioles due to chronic exposure of irritants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Symptoms of chronic bronchitis?

A
  • cigarette cough, sputum production
  • hypoxia, hypercapnia
  • barrel chest, SOB, decreased breath sounds
  • wheezing, cyanosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is influenza?

A

highly infectious disease of upper and lower respiratory tracks ( can be isolated cases or epidemic causing)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Symptoms of influenza?

A

-headache, fever, chills
- muscle aches, sore throat, hacking cough, runny nose
- sensitivity to light, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Treatment of influenza?

A

-antibiotics are only given if evidence of bacteria or infection secondary to viral infection
- antiviral medications may be used in specific patient populations
- if uncomplicated influenza tx is: oral fluid increase, saline gargles, cough suppressant medicine, humidify air

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is pneumonia?

A

Extensive inflammation of the lungs tissue as it fills with exudate or edema

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Symptoms of pneumonia?

A
  • cough, fever, chills, chest pain
  • rusty or blood-flecked sputum
  • sweating
    (Can be fatal)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Treatment of pneumonia?

A
  • typically with IV or oral antibiotic agents (like erythromycin or Cipro)
  • possibly ventilation, increase fluids
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is tuberculosis ?

A

An infectious disease characterized by lesions within the lung tissue ( lesion may become necrotic or degenerate)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Symptoms of tuberculosis?

A
  • cough, low grade fever, anorexia, loss of weight
  • fatigue, night sweats, sometimes blood in sputum ( hemoptysis)
  • tight or dull chest pain and mucopurulent sputum
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are risk factors of tuberculosis?

A
  • health care workers
  • px with poor immune system
  • px with poor access to health care
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Who must be tested periodically for tuberculosis?

A
  • food handlers, those working with children, and healthcare workers
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Pleurisy (pleuritis)? Caused by?

A

-Inflammation of the pleura (membrane that covers the lungs and inside chest cavity)
- caused by infection but also can be caused by medications, lupus, rheumatoid arthritis

17
Q

symptoms of pleuritis (pleurisy)

A

-sharp and abrupt onset pain most evident on inspiration
-shallow breathing
-pleural friction rub (leather on leather sound)
-Fever (seen with viral infection & pneumonia)

18
Q

treatment of pleuritis (pleurisy)

A

-Treat the underlying disease
-Analgesics
-Anti-inflammatories
-lying on the affected side during or splinting the affected side during coughing can provide relief

19
Q

What is pleural effusion? causes?

A

accumulation of fluid in the pleural space
- causes congestive heart failure, chronic liver failure, renal disease

19
Q

symptoms of pleural effusion?

A

dyspnea, cough, chest pain

20
Q

What is a pulmonary embolism?

A

pulmonary vessel plugged with a mass or clot

21
Q

symptoms of pulmonary embolism

A

-hypoxia, tachypnea, chest pain, SOB

22
Q

What is asthma?

A

a chronic condition that occurs from inflammation and hyperresponsiveness
- leads to bronchoconstriction

23
Q

what groups of people are more at risk for pneumonia

A

American Indians and Alaska natives

24
Q

what test can definitively indicate that a person has TB

A

sputum

25
Q

what are some examples of COPD

A
  • emphysema
    -chronic bronchitis
26
Q

what are some symptoms of COPD

A

productive cough
barrel chest
later symptoms:
- cyanosis
- JVD
- clubbing
- polycythemia
-weight loss

27
Q

COPD diagnostic tests

A
  • pulmonary function tests
  • ABGS
  • chest x-ray
  • EKG
  • elevated HCT
28
Q

treatment for COPD

A
  • supplemental O2
  • pulmonary exercise
  • SABA, LABA
  • inhaled anticholinergics
  • inhaled costeroids (IV if hospitalized)
  • rest
29
Q

patient teaching for COPD

A
  • smoking cessation
  • vaccinations
  • pursed lip breathing
  • positioning
  • effective coughing
  • high protein / high-calorie diet
  • 4-6 small meals
30
Q

treatment for asthma

A
  • oxygen
  • steroids
  • IV magnesium

NU155 Med Surg (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions