Chapter 14: Intelligence Flashcards
Reliability
Degree of consistency with which a test measures a certain attribute
Test-retest reliability
How consistently a test can yield consistent results when taken again (is there a correlation between two different occasions)
Validity
The extent to which a method or procedure measures what it is supposed to
Predictive validity
Assessment of whether a test measures what it’s intended to measure, based on whether the test scores correlate with some other measure/relevant criterion
Factor analysis
Statistical method for studying the interrelations among various tests
The goal is to discover the extent to which the tests are influenced by the same factors
General intelligence (g)
A mental capacity hypothesized as contributing to the performance of virtually any intellectual task
Its existence is documented by the statistical overlap, usually revealed through factor analysis, among diverse forms of mental testing
Fluid intelligence
Ability to deal with new and unusual problems
Crystalized intelligence
A person’s acquired knowledge, including verbal knowledge and cognitive skills
Inspection time
The time needed to make a simple discrimination between two stimuli, used in some settings as a measure of mental speed and then as a way to test the claim that intelligent people literally are capable of faster processing in their brains
Practical intelligence
Ability to solve everyday problems through skilled reasoning that relies on tacit knowledge acquired through experience
Emotional intelligence
Ability to understand one’s own and others’ emotions and to control one’s emotions appropriately
Theory of multiple intelligences
Proposal that there are many forms of intelligence, including linguistic, spatial, musical, bodily-kinesthetic, and personal
Savant syndrome
Pattern of traits in a disabled person such that the person has some remarkable talent that contrasts with their low level of g
Flynn effect
A worldwide increase in IQ scores over the last several decades, occurring in both impoverished and developed nations, and proceeding at a rate of roughly 3 points/decade
Stereotype threat
Mechanism through which a person’s performance is influenced by the perception that their score will confirm stereotypes about their group
