Chapter 14 - How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior Flashcards
Do demographic factors (race, gender, marital status) influence health?
heck yeah
Who has higher mortality rates?
Ethnic minorities
Do men or women have higher mortality rates?
Men
Do men or women have higher rates of chronic illnesses?
Women
Are single, divorced, widowed, or married people healthier?
Married people
What is the most important predictor of health?
Socioeconomic status (SES)
The highest mortality rate is found in the _____ level of SES.
Lowest
Socioeconomic status affects…
education, access to medical care…
Life expectancy at birth for whites?
78.8
Life expectancy at birth for blacks?
74.5
Infant mortality rates for blacks are ___ times higher than whites
2.4
Infant mortality rates for American Indians are ___ times higher than whites
1.5
Diabetes mortality is __ times higher in American Indians
1.7
Diabetes mortality is __ times higher in blacks
2
Blacks die ___ times more from prostate cancer than whites
2.3
the HIV/AIDS rate is __ times higher in blacks
9
More than __% of blacks live in poverty, while __% of whites live in poverty
27% ; 10%
Stress leads to…
heart disease, suppresses immune responses
What helps people cope with or minimize stress?
money, education, * social support *
The lack of social support leads to…
higher rates of coronary heart disease, pregnancy/delivery complications, suicide..
The health belief model specifies several factors that determine whether a person is likely to change behavior when faced with a health threat. What are the 5 factors?
- The extent to which they feel vulnerable to the threat
- The perceived severity of the threat
- Perceived barriers to taking action to reduce the risk
4, The perceived effectiveness of taking an actions to prevent/minimize the problem - Self-efficacy - people are more likely to adopt healthy behavior if they’re confident they have the ability to do so
Based on the health belief model, how can we create behavioral changes?
By convincing people they’re vulnerable, that the threat is severe, and that certain actions are effective preventive measures
Learned Helplessness
Numbed acceptance of a negative situation, so that the person no longer tries to change that situation for the better because they don’t expect those efforts to make a difference
Transtheoretical Model
Health education process involving precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance
Ecological Model of Behavior
looks at how the social environment, including interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy factors
What is the 1st level of the ecological model of behavior?
Intrapersonal; includes knowledge, attitude, and skills
What is the 2nd level of the ecological model of behavior?
Interpersonal; includes family, friends, and coworkers
What is the 3rd level of the ecological model of behavior?
Institutional; includes schools, workplaces
What is the 4th level of the ecological model of behavior?
Community; includes churches
What is the 5th level of the ecological model of behavior?
Public policy; includes regulations/limitations on behavior
The AIDS campaign in San Fransisco was considered effective at minimizing the epidemic. What were the 4 steps in changing behavior?
- Belief in personal threat
- Belief in response efficacy
- Belief in personal efficacy
- Belief that new behaviors are consistent with group norms
