Chapter 14 - How Psychosocial Factors Affect Health Behavior

Question 1

Do demographic factors (race, gender, marital status) influence health?

Answer 1

heck yeah

Question 2

Who has higher mortality rates?

Answer 2

Ethnic minorities

Question 3

Do men or women have higher mortality rates?

Answer 3

Men

Question 4

Do men or women have higher rates of chronic illnesses?

Answer 4

Women

Question 5

Are single, divorced, widowed, or married people healthier?

Answer 5

Married people

Question 6

What is the most important predictor of health?

Answer 6

Socioeconomic status (SES)

Question 7

The highest mortality rate is found in the _____ level of SES.

Answer 7

Lowest

Question 8

Socioeconomic status affects…

Answer 8

education, access to medical care…

Question 9

Life expectancy at birth for whites?

Answer 9

78.8

Question 10

Life expectancy at birth for blacks?

Answer 10

74.5

Question 11

Infant mortality rates for blacks are ___ times higher than whites

Answer 11

2.4

Question 12

Infant mortality rates for American Indians are ___ times higher than whites

Answer 12

1.5

Question 13

Diabetes mortality is __ times higher in American Indians

Answer 13

1.7

Question 14

Diabetes mortality is __ times higher in blacks

Answer 14

2

Question 15

Blacks die ___ times more from prostate cancer than whites

Answer 15

2.3

Question 16

the HIV/AIDS rate is __ times higher in blacks

Answer 16

9

Question 17

More than __% of blacks live in poverty, while __% of whites live in poverty

Answer 17

27% ; 10%

Question 18

Stress leads to…

Answer 18

heart disease, suppresses immune responses

Question 19

What helps people cope with or minimize stress?

Answer 19

money, education, * social support *

Question 20

The lack of social support leads to…

Answer 20

higher rates of coronary heart disease, pregnancy/delivery complications, suicide..

Question 21

The health belief model specifies several factors that determine whether a person is likely to change behavior when faced with a health threat. What are the 5 factors?

Answer 21

1. The extent to which they feel vulnerable to the threat
2. The perceived severity of the threat
3. Perceived barriers to taking action to reduce the risk
   4, The perceived effectiveness of taking an actions to prevent/minimize the problem
4. Self-efficacy - people are more likely to adopt healthy behavior if they’re confident they have the ability to do so

Question 22

Based on the health belief model, how can we create behavioral changes?

Answer 22

By convincing people they’re vulnerable, that the threat is severe, and that certain actions are effective preventive measures

Question 23

Learned Helplessness

Answer 23

Numbed acceptance of a negative situation, so that the person no longer tries to change that situation for the better because they don’t expect those efforts to make a difference

Question 24

Transtheoretical Model

Answer 24

Health education process involving precontemplation, contemplation, preparation, action, and maintenance

Question 25

Ecological Model of Behavior

Answer 25

looks at how the social environment, including interpersonal, organizational, community, and public policy factors

Question 26

What is the 1st level of the ecological model of behavior?

Answer 26

Intrapersonal; includes knowledge, attitude, and skills

Question 27

What is the 2nd level of the ecological model of behavior?

Answer 27

Interpersonal; includes family, friends, and coworkers

Question 28

What is the 3rd level of the ecological model of behavior?

Answer 28

Institutional; includes schools, workplaces

Question 29

What is the 4th level of the ecological model of behavior?

Answer 29

Community; includes churches

Question 30

What is the 5th level of the ecological model of behavior?

Answer 30

Public policy; includes regulations/limitations on behavior

Question 31

The AIDS campaign in San Fransisco was considered effective at minimizing the epidemic. What were the 4 steps in changing behavior?

Answer 31

1. Belief in personal threat
2. Belief in response efficacy
3. Belief in personal efficacy
4. Belief that new behaviors are consistent with group norms