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CLN4U Exam Review > Chapter 14 Definitions > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Definitions Flashcards

1
Q

The supreme authority of a nation-state to impose its powers on its subjects within its defined boundaries, including the drafting and enforcement of laws.

A

Sovereignty

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2
Q

The law that is enforceable within the defined territory or boundaries of a particular nation or state.

A

Domestic Law

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3
Q

A judicial decision; the act or process of arriving at a decision after considering the facts

A

Adjudication

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4
Q

Economic penalties that can be imposed on a nation for a breach of international law

A

Economic Sanctions

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5
Q

A form of protest whereby people refrain from buying or using the goods or services of a particular country or organization in order to pressure it to change its behaviour

A

Trade Boycott

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6
Q

A ban on the trade of all goods or certain goods to a particular nation or nations

A

Trade Embargoes

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7
Q

Any governmental bodies or official groups involved in dispute resolution, possibly using a court-like structure (e.g. a human rights tribunal dealing with discrimination complaints)

A

Tribunal

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8
Q

The planned killing of any group identifiable by colour, religion, nationality, or ethnic origin

A

Genocide

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9
Q

Court Decisions

A

Rulings

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10
Q

The customs, rules and agreements recognized as binding on sovereign (independent) states to ensure orderly conduct within the international community

A

International Law

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11
Q

A form of dispute resolution in which a neutral third party hears a dispute between two parties and then makes a decision, which both parties have to agree to follow.

A

Arbitration

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12
Q

Countries; territories with specific borders and laws and a centralized government

A

Nation-States

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13
Q

Officials involved in international activities or negotiations

A

Diplomats

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14
Q
  1. Rules of behaviour that are historically accepted though they are not always legally enforced, and that often influence the content of treaties between nations
  2. Formal agreements between two or more nations
A

Conventions

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15
Q

Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states

A

Treaties

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16
Q

Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states

A

Protocols

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17
Q

Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states

A

Covenants

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18
Q

Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states

A

Acts

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19
Q

In international law, the parties or countries who have signed an agreement or treaty

A

Signatories

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20
Q

Regarding a treaty in international law; agreed to by two nations

A

Bilateral

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21
Q

Regarding a treaty in international law; agreed to by three or more nations

A

Multilateral

22
Q

To collect or to arrange existing laws and practices in one document

A

Codify

23
Q

Regarding a contract, formally approved or authorized

A

Ratified

24
Q

The body of law that applies to outer space and governs space-related activities

A

Space law

25
Q

The right of diplomats and their families while posted in foreign countries to be shielded from criminal prosecution and civil litigation

A

Diplomatic Immunity

26
Q

A means of describing court decisions that are not legally binding but can be used for guidance or influence

A

Persuasive Value

27
Q

The supreme power originally held by a ruler over subjects living within his or her state; includes the right to make laws

A

Internal Sovereignty

28
Q

The right or power of independent states to either enter or. not enter into relationships with other states (e.g. to forge a trade agreement)

A

External Sovereignty

29
Q
  1. An integrated system of production, marketing, finance, and management, including free trade and the increased interdependence of national economies around the world.
  2. An increase in worldwide social interconnectedness in which local happenings are shaped by events occurring far away.
A

Globalization

30
Q

A type of travel to relatively undisturbed natural areas in order to understand and appreciate their natural history and culture without altering the environment

A

Ecotourism

31
Q

A suspension or deferment of an action

A

Moratorium

32
Q

The legal surrender or delivery of a fugitive from one state, country or government to the jurisdiction of another to face trial

A

Extradition

33
Q

A rule governing the process of extradition stating that an offense must be a crime in both nations before a fugitive is extradited from one nation to another

A

Double-Criminality Rule

34
Q

The mutual exchange of privileges

A

Reciprocity

35
Q

The principle that an accused will be charged with only the crime that is specified in the request for extradition

A

Specialty

36
Q

A strategy to conceal information

A

Subterfuge

37
Q

Offenses that involve more than one nation (e.g. acts of terrorism, hijacking, kidnapping, drug trafficking)

A

Transnational Crime

38
Q

Heads of embassies in foreign countries, who are either career civil servants or political appointees

A

Ambassadors

39
Q

Technical experts on a diplomatic staff (e.g. military attaché)

A

Attachés

40
Q

The decision to send a diplomat home

A

Expulsion

41
Q

A specialized UN agency that promotes international cooperation among its member states and six associated members in the fields of education, science, culture and communication

A

United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)

42
Q

An environmental principle, often used in international law, that enables action to be taken to restrict or limit an activity prior to having actual proof of harm when a threat of serious harm or damage exists

A

Precautionary Principle

43
Q

The economic theory, popular in Europe from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, that trade generates wealth, is stimulated by the acquisition of gold, and should be encouraged by nations through promotion of exports and limiting of imports

A

Mercantilism

44
Q

Courses of action that shield domestic products from international competition and inhibit the growth of international trade

A

Protectionist Policies

45
Q

A multinational treaty to facilitate world trade, which came into effect in 1948 in Geneva, Switzerland.

A

General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT)

46
Q

Taxes that countries impose on incoming goods to protect domestic industries

A

Tariffs

47
Q

A global organization established in 1995 to supervise and liberalize world trade

A

World Trade Organization (WTO)

48
Q

A plan of action established by Sir John A. Macdonald in 1879 to protect Canadian manufacturers through tariffs

A

National Policy

49
Q

A trade agreement among Canada, the United States and Mexico, implemented in 1994, to promote trade among the three countries by lessening or abolishing tariffs and other trad barriers on many goods and services

A

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)

50
Q

Legally protected ownership of ideas and works of art including literature, through means of trademarks, patents and copyright

A

Intellectual Property

51
Q

The belief that one’s own culture is best and most nature a tendency of people to interpret or evaluate other cultures by referring to their own

A

Ethnocentrism

CLN4U Exam Review (17 decks)

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