Chapter 14 Definitions Flashcards
The supreme authority of a nation-state to impose its powers on its subjects within its defined boundaries, including the drafting and enforcement of laws.
Sovereignty
The law that is enforceable within the defined territory or boundaries of a particular nation or state.
Domestic Law
A judicial decision; the act or process of arriving at a decision after considering the facts
Adjudication
Economic penalties that can be imposed on a nation for a breach of international law
Economic Sanctions
A form of protest whereby people refrain from buying or using the goods or services of a particular country or organization in order to pressure it to change its behaviour
Trade Boycott
A ban on the trade of all goods or certain goods to a particular nation or nations
Trade Embargoes
Any governmental bodies or official groups involved in dispute resolution, possibly using a court-like structure (e.g. a human rights tribunal dealing with discrimination complaints)
Tribunal
The planned killing of any group identifiable by colour, religion, nationality, or ethnic origin
Genocide
Court Decisions
Rulings
The customs, rules and agreements recognized as binding on sovereign (independent) states to ensure orderly conduct within the international community
International Law
A form of dispute resolution in which a neutral third party hears a dispute between two parties and then makes a decision, which both parties have to agree to follow.
Arbitration
Countries; territories with specific borders and laws and a centralized government
Nation-States
Officials involved in international activities or negotiations
Diplomats
- Rules of behaviour that are historically accepted though they are not always legally enforced, and that often influence the content of treaties between nations
- Formal agreements between two or more nations
Conventions
Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states
Treaties
Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states
Protocols
Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states
Covenants
Formal agreements between two or more sovereign states
Acts
In international law, the parties or countries who have signed an agreement or treaty
Signatories
Regarding a treaty in international law; agreed to by two nations
Bilateral
Regarding a treaty in international law; agreed to by three or more nations
Multilateral
To collect or to arrange existing laws and practices in one document
Codify
Regarding a contract, formally approved or authorized
Ratified
The body of law that applies to outer space and governs space-related activities
Space law
The right of diplomats and their families while posted in foreign countries to be shielded from criminal prosecution and civil litigation
Diplomatic Immunity
A means of describing court decisions that are not legally binding but can be used for guidance or influence
Persuasive Value
The supreme power originally held by a ruler over subjects living within his or her state; includes the right to make laws
Internal Sovereignty
The right or power of independent states to either enter or. not enter into relationships with other states (e.g. to forge a trade agreement)
External Sovereignty
- An integrated system of production, marketing, finance, and management, including free trade and the increased interdependence of national economies around the world.
- An increase in worldwide social interconnectedness in which local happenings are shaped by events occurring far away.
Globalization
A type of travel to relatively undisturbed natural areas in order to understand and appreciate their natural history and culture without altering the environment
Ecotourism
A suspension or deferment of an action
Moratorium
The legal surrender or delivery of a fugitive from one state, country or government to the jurisdiction of another to face trial
Extradition
A rule governing the process of extradition stating that an offense must be a crime in both nations before a fugitive is extradited from one nation to another
Double-Criminality Rule
The mutual exchange of privileges
Reciprocity
The principle that an accused will be charged with only the crime that is specified in the request for extradition
Specialty
A strategy to conceal information
Subterfuge
Offenses that involve more than one nation (e.g. acts of terrorism, hijacking, kidnapping, drug trafficking)
Transnational Crime
Heads of embassies in foreign countries, who are either career civil servants or political appointees
Ambassadors
Technical experts on a diplomatic staff (e.g. military attaché)
Attachés
The decision to send a diplomat home
Expulsion
A specialized UN agency that promotes international cooperation among its member states and six associated members in the fields of education, science, culture and communication
United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization (UNESCO)
An environmental principle, often used in international law, that enables action to be taken to restrict or limit an activity prior to having actual proof of harm when a threat of serious harm or damage exists
Precautionary Principle
The economic theory, popular in Europe from the sixteenth to eighteenth centuries, that trade generates wealth, is stimulated by the acquisition of gold, and should be encouraged by nations through promotion of exports and limiting of imports
Mercantilism
Courses of action that shield domestic products from international competition and inhibit the growth of international trade
Protectionist Policies
A multinational treaty to facilitate world trade, which came into effect in 1948 in Geneva, Switzerland.
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trades (GATT)
Taxes that countries impose on incoming goods to protect domestic industries
Tariffs
A global organization established in 1995 to supervise and liberalize world trade
World Trade Organization (WTO)
A plan of action established by Sir John A. Macdonald in 1879 to protect Canadian manufacturers through tariffs
National Policy
A trade agreement among Canada, the United States and Mexico, implemented in 1994, to promote trade among the three countries by lessening or abolishing tariffs and other trad barriers on many goods and services
North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA)
Legally protected ownership of ideas and works of art including literature, through means of trademarks, patents and copyright
Intellectual Property
The belief that one’s own culture is best and most nature a tendency of people to interpret or evaluate other cultures by referring to their own
Ethnocentrism
