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EMT - Basic > Chapter 14 - Cardiovascular Emergencies | Vital Vocabulary > Flashcards

Chapter 14 - Cardiovascular Emergencies | Vital Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Term used to describe a group of symptoms caused by myocardial ischemia; includes angina and myocardial infarction

A

Acute Coronary Syndrome

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2
Q

A heart attack; death of heart muscle following obstruction of blood flow to it. Acute means “new” or “happening right now”

A

Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI)

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3
Q

Transient (short-lived) chest discomfort caused by partial or temporary blockage of blood flow to heart muscle

A

Angina Pectoris

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4
Q

Front surface of body; side facing you in standard anatomic position

A

Anterior

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5
Q

Main artery, which receives blood from the left ventricle and delivers it to all other arteries that carry blood to the tissues of the body

A

Aorta

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6
Q

A weakness in the wall of the aorta that makes it susceptible to rupture

A

Aortic Aneurysm

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7
Q

One-way valve that lies between the left ventricle and the aorta and keeps blood from flowing back into the left ventricle after the left ventricle ejects its blood into the aorta; one of four heart valves

A

Aortic Valve

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8
Q

Irregular or abnormal heart rhythm

A

Arrhythmia

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9
Q

Complete absence of heart electrical activity

A

Asystole

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10
Q

Disorder in which cholesterol and calcium build up inside walls of blood vessels, eventually leading to partial or complete blockage of blood flow

A

Atherosclerosis

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11
Q

One of two (right & left) upper chambers of the heart. Right atrium receives blood from the vena cava and delivers it the right ventricle. Left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary veins and delivers it to the left ventricle

A

Atrium

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12
Q

Ability of cardiac muscle cells to contract without stimulation from nervous system

A

Automaticity

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13
Q

Part of nervous system that controls involuntary activities of the body such as heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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14
Q

Slow heart rate, less than 60 beats/min

A

Bradycardia

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15
Q

State in which the heart fails to generate effective and detectable blood flow; pulses are not palpable in cardiac arrest, even if muscular and electrical activity continues in the heart

A

Cardiac Arrest

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16
Q

State in which not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from heart

A

Cardiogenic Shock

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17
Q

Measure of the volume of blood circulated by the heart in 1 minute, calculated by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate

A

Cardiac Output

18
Q

Disorder in which the heart loses part of its ability to effectively pump blood, usually as a result of damage to the heart muscle resulting in backup of fluid into the lungs

A

Congestive Heart Failure

19
Q

Blood vessels that carry blood and nutrients to the heart muscle

A

Coronary Arteries

20
Q

Shock a fibrillating (chaotically beating) heart with specialized electrical current to restore a normal, rhythmic beat

A

Defibrillate

21
Q

Swelling in part of body closest to ground, caused by collection of fluid in tissues; possible sign of congestive heart failure

A

Dependent Edema

22
Q

Widening of tubular structure such as a coronary artery

A

Dilation

23
Q

Condition in which the inner layers of an artery, such as the aorta, become separated, allowing blood (at high pressures) to flow between the layers

A

Dissecting Aneurysm

24
Q

Emergency situation created by excessively high blood pressure, which can lead to serious complications such as stroke or aneurysm

A

Hypertensive Emergency

25
Q

Death of a body tissue, usually caused by interruption its blood supply

A

Infarction

26
Q

Part of the body or any body part nearer to the feet

A

Inferior

27
Q

Lack of oxygen that deprives tissues of necessary nutrients, resulting from partial or complete blockage of body flow; potentially reversible because permanent injury has not yet occurred

A

Ischemia

28
Q

Inside diameter of an artery or other hollow structure

A

Lumen

29
Q

Heart Muscle

A

Myocardium

30
Q

Blockage, usually of a tubular structure such as a blood vessel

A

Occlusion

31
Q

Part of the autonomic nervous system that controls vegetative functions such as digestion and relaxation

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System

32
Q

Flow of blood through body tissues and vessels

A

Perfusion

33
Q

Back surface of body; the side away from you in the standard anatomic position

A

Posterior

34
Q

Volume of blood ejected with each ventricular contraction

A

Stroke Volume

35
Q

Part of the body or any body part nearer to the head

A

Superior

36
Q

Part of the autonomic nervous system that controls active functions such as responding to fear (also known as the “fight-or-flight” system)

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

37
Q

Fainting spell or transient loss of consciousness

A

Syncope

38
Q

Rapid heart rate, more than 100 beats/min

A

Tachycardia

39
Q

Blood clot that has formed within a blood vessel and is floating within the bloodstream

A

Thromboembolism

40
Q

One of two (right & left) lower chambers of the heart. The left ventricle receives flood from the left atrium (upper chamber) and delivers blood to the aorta. Right ventricle receives blood from the right atrium and pumps into the pulmonary artery

A

Ventricle

41
Q

Disorganized, ineffective twitching of ventricles, resulting in no blood flow and a state of cardiac arrest

A

Ventricular Fibrillation

42
Q

Rapid heart rhythm in which the electrical impulse begins in the ventricle (instead of the atrium), which may rest in inadequate blood flow and eventually deteriorate into cardiac arrest

A

Ventricular Tachycardia

EMT - Basic (16 decks)

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