CHAPTER 14: BUILDING THE CRUST W/ ROCKS Flashcards
minerals are…
natually occurring, solid chemical element or compound with uniform composition
Earths crust is composed for 2 main elements:
Oxygen and silicon 75%
What are silicates?
Silicon and oxygen combined
What are oxides?
Chemical elements combined with oxygen
What are sulphides and sulphates?
sulfur composes with other elements
What are carbonates?
Carbon compounds with other elements
What are the 4 mineral classes in rocks?
- Silicates
- Oxides
- Sulfides
- Carbonates
Most igneous rocks are composed of which minerals?
Silicate minerals
Felsic minerals are found in which rock?
Quartz
Mafic minerals are found in which rock?
Mica
Define rocks
Assemblage of minerals or volcanic glass in the solid state
Define sediments
Accumulations of small fragments of rock and organic material that are not cemented together
What are clasts?
Rock fragments formed bu weathering of larger block rock
Sediments on earths surface form…
a veneer that covers underlying bed rock
Exposed areas of bedrock can be found where (2)
Tectonically and volcanically active mountain regions
3 classes of rocks
Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic
Classification of igneous rocks is based on…
Mineral composition and texture
Pyroclasts are..
all sizes of particles injected into air during volcanic eruption
Intrusive Igneous rocks produce.
coarse texture… granite
Extrusive igneous rocks produce
Fine texture
Most common extrusive igneous rocks include
Basalt and Anesite
3 categories of sementary rock
Clastic, Organic, Chemical
Clastic semimentary rocks are composed of…
broken pieces of other rocks
Organic sedimentary rocks are composed of…
organic material derived from ancient organisms or shells
Chemical sedimentary rocks are composed of…
dissolved minerals precipitating out of water
3 most common types of sedimentary rocks:
Shale, sandstone, limestone
What is metamorphism?
Rock altered in physical or chemical composition by heat, pressure, or process taken place below the surface
Metamorphic counterpart of limestone is…
marble
Metamorphic counterpart of granite is…
gneiss
Contact metamorphism occurs when…
rock comes into contact with and is heated by magma
Regional metamorphism results from…
great heat and pressure at convergent plate boundaries
Flat/wavy banding pattens occur in…
foliated metamorphic rock
Little or no structured grain pattern or mineral arrangement occur in…
non foliated metamorphic rock…marble
Sedimentation is sorted by
SIZEE
Exogenic transformation is powered by
SUN
Endogenic transformation is powered by
Radiogenic heat
