CHAPTER 14: BUILDING THE CRUST W/ ROCKS

Question 1

minerals are…

Answer 1

natually occurring, solid chemical element or compound with uniform composition

Question 2

Earths crust is composed for 2 main elements:

Answer 2

Oxygen and silicon 75%

Question 3

What are silicates?

Answer 3

Silicon and oxygen combined

Question 4

What are oxides?

Answer 4

Chemical elements combined with oxygen

Question 5

What are sulphides and sulphates?

Answer 5

sulfur composes with other elements

Question 6

What are carbonates?

Answer 6

Carbon compounds with other elements

Question 7

What are the 4 mineral classes in rocks?

Answer 7

1. Silicates
2. Oxides
3. Sulfides
4. Carbonates

Question 8

Most igneous rocks are composed of which minerals?

Answer 8

Silicate minerals

Question 9

Felsic minerals are found in which rock?

Answer 9

Quartz

Question 10

Mafic minerals are found in which rock?

Answer 10

Mica

Question 11

Define rocks

Answer 11

Assemblage of minerals or volcanic glass in the solid state

Question 12

Define sediments

Answer 12

Accumulations of small fragments of rock and organic material that are not cemented together

Question 13

What are clasts?

Answer 13

Rock fragments formed bu weathering of larger block rock

Question 14

Sediments on earths surface form…

Answer 14

a veneer that covers underlying bed rock

Question 15

Exposed areas of bedrock can be found where (2)

Answer 15

Tectonically and volcanically active mountain regions

Question 16

3 classes of rocks

Answer 16

Igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic

Question 17

Classification of igneous rocks is based on…

Answer 17

Mineral composition and texture

Question 18

Pyroclasts are..

Answer 18

all sizes of particles injected into air during volcanic eruption

Question 19

Intrusive Igneous rocks produce.

Answer 19

coarse texture… granite

Question 20

Extrusive igneous rocks produce

Answer 20

Fine texture

Question 21

Most common extrusive igneous rocks include

Answer 21

Basalt and Anesite

Question 22

3 categories of sementary rock

Answer 22

Clastic, Organic, Chemical

Question 23

Clastic semimentary rocks are composed of…

Answer 23

broken pieces of other rocks

Question 24

Organic sedimentary rocks are composed of…

Answer 24

organic material derived from ancient organisms or shells

Question 25

Chemical sedimentary rocks are composed of…

Answer 25

dissolved minerals precipitating out of water

Question 26

3 most common types of sedimentary rocks:

Answer 26

Shale, sandstone, limestone

Question 27

What is metamorphism?

Answer 27

Rock altered in physical or chemical composition by heat, pressure, or process taken place below the surface

Question 28

Metamorphic counterpart of limestone is…

Answer 28

marble

Question 29

Metamorphic counterpart of granite is…

Answer 29

gneiss

Question 30

Contact metamorphism occurs when…

Answer 30

rock comes into contact with and is heated by magma

Question 31

Regional metamorphism results from…

Answer 31

great heat and pressure at convergent plate boundaries

Question 32

Flat/wavy banding pattens occur in…

Answer 32

foliated metamorphic rock

Question 33

Little or no structured grain pattern or mineral arrangement occur in…

Answer 33

non foliated metamorphic rock…marble

Question 34

Sedimentation is sorted by

Answer 34

SIZEE

Question 35

Exogenic transformation is powered by

Answer 35

SUN

Question 36

Endogenic transformation is powered by

Answer 36

Radiogenic heat