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GEOG 1290 > CHAPTER 13: PLATE TECTONICS > Flashcards

CHAPTER 13: PLATE TECTONICS Flashcards

1
Q

Folding and faulting of earths crust is called?

A

Diastrophism\

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2
Q

Plate tectonics is…

A

how plates move over surface

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3
Q

Supercontinent name was…

A

Pangaea

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4
Q

Ocean that surrounded Pangaea?

A

Panthalassic Ocean

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5
Q

Who had the theory of Continental Drift?

A

Alfred Wegener

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6
Q

5 pieces of Wegeners evidence

A
  1. Shapes of continents
  2. Petrologic evidence
  3. Mountain Belts
  4. Palaeontology
  5. glaciated continents
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7
Q

Why was continental drift theory rejected? (2)

A
  1. too rigid to permit such large movements

2. didn’t offer a suitable mechanism that could displace such large masses

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8
Q

When was Continental Drift theory rejected?

A

1920

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9
Q

Evidence for Plate tectonic theory (3)

A
  1. Detailed map of sea floor
  2. Plate Boundaries
  3. Seafloor spreading
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10
Q

Evidence for seafloor spreading (2)

A
  1. paleomagnetism

2. age of ocean floors

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11
Q

What is paleomagnetism?

A

magnetic polarity several, as lava hardens, iron particles record location of magnetic north

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12
Q

Margins of plates are clalled…

A

Plate boundaries

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13
Q

How do we know where plate boundaries are? (2)

A
  1. Earthquake activity

2. earthquakes are not randomly distributed but occur in geographic patterns that outline lithospheric plates

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14
Q

Plates move by…. which currents?

A

Convection currents

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15
Q

3 ways plates move

A
  1. Ridge push
  2. Mantle drag
  3. Slab pull
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16
Q

What makes up for 90% of plate movement?

A

Slab pull

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17
Q

Which are the fastest moving plates?

A

Pacific and Nazca Plate

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18
Q

Mid-atlantic ridge moves how many cm per year

A

1 cm/yr

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19
Q

Pacific Antarctic ridge moves how many cm/yr

A

10cm/yr

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20
Q

Land masses were created how many years ago?

A

4 billion

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21
Q

Do continents grow continuously?

A

YESSSS

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22
Q

What are accreted terranes?

A

Instead of being subjected and recycled, terrane is too buoyant and uses instead… ex. warngellia terrane

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23
Q

What are passive contenental margins?

A

No recent activity, oceanic and continental crust same lithospheric plate

24
Q

What are active continental margins?

A

Deep oceanic trenches, alpine belt

25
Q

3 ways plate boundaries move

A
  1. divergence
  2. convergence
  3. transform
26
Q

Divergence is most common with..

A

sea floor spreading

27
Q

Convergence is common with…

A

Oceanic/Continentall, ocean/ocean, continental/continental COMPRESSION

28
Q

The great Rift Valley is an example of…

A

divergence plate movement

29
Q

Great African Rift Valley is an example of…

A

divergence plate movement

30
Q

Midocean ridges are an example of…

A

divergence plate movement

31
Q

Oceanic plates are thinner and denser tthan

A

continental plates

32
Q

pacific ring of fire is an example of…

A

convergence oceanic/contenintal

33
Q

Oceanic/oceanic convergence causes

A

oceanic trenches

34
Q

Himalaya mountains are an example of…minor subduction occurs

A

convergence continental/continental

35
Q

in transform plate boundaries, the plate…

A

slide against eachother

36
Q

Transform plate boundaries commonly produce what earthquakes

A

shallow focus

37
Q

The san Andreas fault is an example of…

A

transform plate boundry

38
Q

What is mantle plume?

A

mostly stationary column of hot rock that extends from deep in mantle up to base of lithosphere

39
Q

Hawaii is an example of a

A

hot spot

40
Q

Guyots are

A

crustal motion over a hotspot produces a long trail of islands

41
Q

Hot spot tracks are…

A

lines of inactive volcanoes in ocean basins

42
Q

Yellowstone is an example of…

A

Hot spot

43
Q

folding occurs most often when plates are

A

converging in regions of subduction and collision

44
Q

Folding produces highs and lows called…

A

Anticline (top)

syncline (bottom)

45
Q

inverted topography happens when…

A

folded rock is eroded, can result in sycline ride anticline valley… happened in Hancock

46
Q

Zones of weakness in the crust are called

A

Faultzones

47
Q

Convergence movement results in what fault

A

Reverse fault

48
Q

Divergence movement results in what fault

A

Normal fault

49
Q

transform movement results in

A

strike-slip fault

50
Q

Fauting is

A

rocks breaking accompanied by displacement

51
Q

Garben and Horst

A

regions that lie between normal faults and are either higher

52
Q

The East African Rift Valley is a graben or scarp

A

GRABENNN

53
Q

Orogensis is

A

mountain building

54
Q

orogenic belt is

A

linear mountain range

55
Q

Longest mountain range in world

A

Andes

56
Q

Longest mountain range in North America

A

Rockies

GEOG 1290 (6 decks)

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