Chapter 14 Biotechnology And Genomics

Question 0

Plasmids

Answer 0

Circular extra chromosomal DNA found in the bacteria

Question 1

To clone a gene you need

Answer 1

Plasmid DNA as a vector 
Gene Of interest 
Restriction enzymes 
DNA ligase 
Host bacteria

Question 2

Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)

Answer 2

Creates million copies of DNA kn a test tube
Three step cycle reaction repeated 20-40 times
Doubles each replication cycle
Amplifies copies DNA *** 2n= how much DNA is made

Question 3

Genetically modified organisms

Answer 3

Have foreign genes

Called recombinant or transgenic

Question 4

Gene pharming

Answer 4

Use off transgenic farm animals to produce pharmaceutical to treat disease

Question 5

Gene therapy

Answer 5

Involves procedures to give patients healthy genes to make up for a faulty gene

Question 6

Genome

Answer 6

All the genetic information of an individual all DNA

Question 7

Genomics

Answer 7

Is the study of the genomes of humans and other organisms and their functions

Question 8

Humans have about 20,000 genes **

About 100,000 proteins
Only 1.5% of DNA code for protein that means 98.5% is non-coding DNA
The genome is 99% the same between individuals.

Answer 8

All due to alternative splicing

Question 9

Functional genomics

Answer 9

Function genomics aims to understand the role or function of the genome cells or organism

Question 10

Comparative genomics

Answer 10

Compare genomes to the genomes of other organisms

Question 11

Proteomics

Answer 11

The study do the structure and function and interaction of cellular proteins
Entire collection is called proteome
Proteome are larger than genome

Question 12

Bioformatics

Answer 12

The application of COMPUTER technology software and statistic techniques to study of biological information

Question 13

Biotechnology

Answer 13

Y

Question 14

DNA technology

Answer 14

G

Question 15

Gene cloning

Answer 15

Is production of many identical copies of the same genes

Question 16

To clone a gene you need **

Answer 16

Plasmid DNA as a vector 
Gene of interest 
Restriction enzymes (cuts DNA t restricting sites) 
DNA ligase 
Host bacteria

Question 17

DNA profiling

Answer 17

U

Question 18

Genetic modified organism

Answer 18

A

Question 19

Gene therapy

Answer 19

Involves procedures to give patient healthy gene a to make up do defective genes

Ex vivo ; you extract the gene and treat it then put it back inside
In vivo: the treatment is all down internally