Chapter 13 Regulation Of Gene Expression

Question 0

Gene regulation

Answer 0

Is the turning on and off of genes

Question 1

Gene expression

Answer 1

Is the over process of information flow from genes to proteins

Question 2

Why is that gene expression has to be regulated?

Answer 2

The control of gene expression allow cells to produce specific kinds of proteins when and where they are needed
Gene regulation can help organism respond to environmental changes

Question 3

Almost all of the cells on the organism contain:

Answer 3

An identical genome

Question 4

Only a _ of theses genes are used or expressed in each cell

Answer 4

Fraction

Question 5

The difference between cells types are not due to the presence of different genes but instead due to selective gene expression

Answer 5

True

Question 6

Differentiation

Answer 6

The normal process by which a less specialized cell develop or matures to the possess a more distinct form and function

Question 7

Differentiation is controlled by turning specific sets of genes on or off

Answer 7

T

Question 8

Levels of gene expression control

Answer 8

Chromatin structure 
Transcriptional structure 
Post transcriptional control 
Translational control 
Post translational control

Question 9

Euchromatin

Answer 9

Loosely coiled DNA accessible to RNA polymerase

Transcriptionally active

Question 10

Heterochromatin

Answer 10

Tightly packed DNA inaccessible to RNA polymerase

Transcriptionally inactive

Question 11

DNA coiling and packing affect gene expression.

Answer 11

More tight packed less Likely to be transcribed

Question 12

Barr body

Answer 12

An inactive X chromosome

Question 13

Gene mutation

Answer 13

Is a permanent Change in the sequence of bases in DNA

Question 14

Germ line mutation

Answer 14

Occurs in sex cells

Question 15

Somatic mutation

Answer 15

Occurs in body cells

Question 16

Spontaneous mutations

Answer 16

Replication errors

DNA polymerase proofread

Question 17

Induced mutation

Answer 17

Cause by mutagens such as radiation and chemical

Many mutagens are also carcinogens ( cancer causing )

Question 18

Point mutation

Answer 18

Involves a change in a single DNA nucleotide 
Change one codon to a different codon  
Effect on protein vary 
Nonfunctional 
Reducing functionality 
Unaffected

Question 19

Frame shift mutation.

Answer 19

Nucleotides are either inserted or deleted from DNA

The protein is always a a different protein usually no function

Question 20

Silent mutation

Answer 20

No amino acids change no change in protein

Question 21

Missense mutation

Answer 21

Changes the amino acid producing a different proteins

Question 22

Nonsense mutation

Answer 22

Changes the amino acid into a stop codon producing short protein usually no function

Question 23

Proto-oncogenes

Answer 23

Stimulate cell division

Question 24

Tumor suppressor genes

Answer 24

Inhibit cell division