Chapter 14- Anxiety Disorders and Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders Flashcards
Similarities and difference between fear and anxiety?
5pts
- Fear and anxiety are both linked with threat
- Both are accompanied by physiological arousal
- Both can be adaptive (fear triggers fight/flight/freeze response and Anxiety increases preparedness)
- Anxiety= apprehension about future threat
- Fear= Response to an immediate threat
What are the DSM-5-TR Anxiety disorders?
10pts
- Generalized Anxiety disorder
- Agoraphobia
- Panic disorder
- Social anxiety
- Separation Anxiety disorder
- Specific phobia
- Anxiety disorder due to a medical condition
- Substance/medication induced anxiety disorder
- Selective mutism
- Other specified and unspecified anxiety disorders
What are the DSM-5-TR OCRDs?
5pts
- Obsessive Compulsive disorder
- Body Dysmorphic disorder
- Hoarding disorder
- Trichotillomania
- Excoriation disorder
What are some commonalities in diagnostic criteria?
4pts
- Must cause significant distress and/or functional impairment (ex- can’t go to class)
- Be persistent (ex- lasting at least 6 months)
- Differential diagnosis (ex- not due to another disorder)
- Not caused by a substance
- More common in children and women
- Inappropriate fear of being separated from important individuals
What anxiety disorder is this?
Separation Anxiety Disorder
- Failure to speak in some situations
- Prevalence: rare (less than 1 %).
- 2-5 years of age. More prevalent in females
What anxiety disorder is this?
Selective mutism
- Fear of situations or objects
- Accompanied by avoidance
- Begins in childhood
- More prevalent in females
What anxiety disorder is this?
Specific phobia
What is social anxiety?
How long does it have to last?
What are 4 intense physical symptoms?
6pts
- Exaggerated fear of negative evaluation in social settings
–> Lasting at least 6 months - Intense physical symptoms of anxiety: blushing, profuse sweating, trembling, palpitations
What is a panic disorder?
More common is men or women? adults or children?
What are some cognitive symptoms? Somatic symptoms?
Defined by recurrent, unexpected panic attacks plus persistent worry about future attacks, worry about the consequences of the attack (ex- having a heart attack) and substantive behavior change in response to the attack (ex- avoiding situations/activities associated with attacks)
- More common is women and adults
- Cognitive symptoms: Fear of losing control, going crazy or dying
- Somatic symptoms: palpitations, sweating, trembling, shortness of breath, chest pain, depersonalization/derealization, nausea, numbness, chocking sensation, chills or heat sensations
What is agoraphobia?
People fear and avoid situations, places that cause panic, feelings of embarrassment, feeling trapped or helplessness
What is generalized anxiety disorder?
What are 5 physiological/physical symptoms?
How many months does it have to be persistent for?
9pts
- Characterized by chronic and persistent worry
- At least 6 months
- Worry is excessive
- Difficult to control
- Accompanied by 3+ other non specific and physiological symptoms: restlessness, irritability, muscle tension, sleep disturbances, poor concentration
Rumination vs worry?
3pts
- Rumination is a core feature of depression
- repetitive thinking of past events
- Worry is repetitive thinking of future events
Worry and obsessions are conceptually the same and do not differ.
True or false.
Elaborate
False- worry and obsessions are conceptually distinct and differ. Someone can worry and not obsess (vice versa)
What are obsessions and compulsions?
What is the link between obsessions and compulsions and anxiety?
3pts
Obsessions: recurrent thoughts, images, ideas or impulses
Compulsions: Repetitive behavior or mental acts the person feels driven to perform in response to an obsession or rigid rules
Obsessive thought –> Anxiety –> Compulsive behavior/ritual –> anxiety reduction
What is body dysmorphic disorder?
What is the gender prevalence?
4pts
- Preoccupation with perceived flaws in appearance
- Must be accompanied by repetitive behaviors
- Rule out eating disorder
- Prevalence is same for males and females- different areas of preoccupation
What is hoarding disorder?
3pts
- Persistent difficultly discarding or parting with possessions, regardless of value
- Perceived need to save the items and distress associated with discarding them
- Clutter living areas
Body focused repetitive behavior- What is trichotillomania disorder and excoriation disorder?
2pt
Trichotillomania: compulsive urge to pull hair
Excoriation: compulsive urge to pick skin
- Preoccupation with having a severe illness
- Out of proportion anxiety
- High health anxiety
- repetitive health related behaviors
What type anxiety disorder is this? Prevalence in males vs females?
Hypochondriasis- illness anxiety disorder
- Prevalent in females more than males
What are some types of assessment methods?
6pts
- Interviews
- Self report
- Behavioral assessment
- Psychophysiological assessment
- Medical history
- Family interviews
What is CBT? (6pts)
What is Acceptance and commitment therapy ? (5pts)
What are some pharmacological treatments? (4pts)
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT):
- Problem focused
- Framework: thoughts, feelings, behaviors
- Psychoeducation
- Cognitive restructuring
- Relaxation techniques
- Eliminate safety behaviors
Acceptance and commitment therapy:
- Live in the moment
- Defuse/detach from their thoughts/feelings
- Teaches them to be non judgmental about their feelings, thoughts
- Values based lifestyle
- Being present
Pharmacological treatments:
- SSRI’s and SNRI’s
- Benzodiazepine
- Tricyclic antidepressants
