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Microbiology > Chapter 14: An Introduction to Host Defenses > Flashcards

Chapter 14: An Introduction to Host Defenses Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Innate, natural defenses

A

Present at birth, provide nonspecific resistance to infection

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2
Q

Adaptive immunities

A

Specific, must be aquired

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3
Q

First line of defense

A

Any barrier that blocks invasion at the portal of entry, nonspecific

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4
Q

Second line of defense

A

Protective cells and fluids, inflammation and phagocytosis, nonspecific

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5
Q

Third line of defense

A

Acquired with exposure to foreign substance, produces protective antibodies and creates memory cells, specific
-B and T killer cells

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6
Q

Lysozome

A

An enzyme that hydrolyzes the cell wall of bacteria, in tears

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7
Q

Immunology

A

The study of the body’s second and third lines of defense

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8
Q

Functions of a healthy functioning immune system

A
  1. Surveillance of the body
  2. Recognition of foreign material
  3. Destruction of entities deemed to be foreign
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9
Q

Immune system

A

Large, complex and diffuse network of cells and fluids that penetrate into every organ and tissue

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10
Q

Three major subdivisions of immune system

A
  1. Extracellular fluid (ECF)
  2. Bloodstream
  3. Lymphatic system
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11
Q

White blood cells (leukocytes)

A

Innate capacity to recognize and differentiate any foreign material

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12
Q

Nonself vs self

A

Foreign material is nonself, self is normal cells of the body

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13
Q

Pathogen-associated patterns (PAMPs)

A

Molecules shared by microorganisms

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14
Q

Pathogen recognition receptors (PRRs)

A

Receptors of WBCs for PAMPs

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15
Q

Serum

A

Liquid portion of the blood after a clot has formed, minus clotting factors

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16
Q

Plasma

A

92% water, metabolic proteins, globulins, clotting factors, hormones, and all other chemicals and gases to support normal physiological functions

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17
Q

Hemopoiesis

A

Production of blood cells

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18
Q

Stem cells

A

Undifferentiated c ells, precursor of new blood cells

19
Q

Granulocytes

A

Lobed nucleus, WBC’s

20
Q

Agranulocytes

A

Unlobed, rounded nucleus WBC’s

21
Q

Nuetrophils

A

55-90%, lobed nuclei with lavender granules, phagocytes

22
Q

Eosinophils

A

1-3%, orange granules and bilobed nucleus, destroy eukaryotic pathogens

23
Q

Basophils

A

.5%, constricted nuclei, dark blue granules, release portent chemical mediators

24
Q

Mast cells

A

nonmotile elements bound to connective tissue

25
Q

Lymphocytes

A

20 - 35%, specific immune response

26
Q

Lymphocytes - B (humoral immunity)

A

activated B cells produce antibodies

27
Q

Lymphocytes - T cells (cell-mediated immunity)

A

activated T cells modulate immune functions and kill foreign cells

28
Q

Monocytes, macrophages

A

3 - 7% largest of WBCs, kidney-shaped nucleus; phagocytic

29
Q

Monocytes - Macrophages

A

final differentiation of monocytes

30
Q

Monocytes - Dendritic cells

A

trap pathogens and participate in immune reactions

31
Q

Lymph

A

plasma-like liquid carried by lymphatic circulation

32
Q

Primary lymphoid organs

A

sites of lymphocytic origin and maturation

thymus and bone marrow

33
Q

Secondary lymphoid organs and tissues

A

circulatory-based locations such as spleen and lymph nodes; collections of cells distributed throughout body tissues -skin and mucous membranes - SALT, GALT, MALT

34
Q

Thymus

A

high rate of growth and activity until puberty, then begins to shrink; site of T-cell maturation

35
Q

Lymph nodes

A

small, encapsulated, bean-shaped organs stationed along lymphatic channels and large blood vessels of the thoracic and abdominal cavities

36
Q

Spleen

A

structurally similar to lymph node; filters circulating blood to remove worn out RBCs and pathogens

37
Q

Inflammatory Response - Class signs

A

Redness
Warmth
Swelling
Pain

38
Q

Erthrocytes

A

develop from bone marrow stem cells, lose nucleus, simple biconcave sacs of hemoglobin

39
Q

Platelets

A

formed elements in circulating blood that are NOT whole cells

40
Q

Diapedesis

A

migration of cells out of blood vessels into the tissues

41
Q

Chemotaxis

A

migration in response to specific chemicals at the site of injury or infection

42
Q

Neutrophils

A

general-purpose; react early to bacteria and other foreign materials, and to damaged tissue

43
Q

Eosinophilis

A

attracted to sites of parasitic infections and antigen-antibody reactions

44
Q

Macrophages

A

derived from monocytes; scavenge and process foreign substances to prepare them for reactions with B and T lymphocytes

Microbiology (3 decks)

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