chapter 14 alcohols

Question 1

functional group of alcohol

Answer 1

OH (the hydroxyl group)

Question 2

general formula of alcohols

Answer 2

CnH2n+1OH

Question 3

polyhydric alcohols

Answer 3

alcohols that contain more than one alcohol functional group

Question 4

properties of alcohols

Answer 4

they have a higher boiling point than alkanes with the same number of C atoms.

they are less volatile, meaning they form gases easily

they are polar molecules

Question 5

which is more soluble in water , alkane or alcohol? and why

Answer 5

an alcohol

because the OH groups in alcohol can form hydrogen bonds with water
while the nonpolar hydrocarbon chain of alkane cannot form hydrogen bonds with water

Question 6

the solubility of alcohols in water decreases as the………

Answer 6

hydrocarbon chain gets larger

Question 7

viscosity

Answer 7

the measure of a fluid’s resistance to flow

Question 8

if a fluid has low viscosity, what does that mean

Answer 8

it means that the fluid flows easily

Question 9

what happens to the viscosity of alcohol as the number of OH groups increases

Answer 9

viscosity increases

Question 10

primary alcohols

Answer 10

alcohol in which the OH group is only directly bonded to one other carbon

Question 11

secondary alcohol

Answer 11

alcohol in which the OH group is only directly bonded to two other carbons

Question 12

tertiary alcohol

Answer 12

alcohol in which the OH group is directly bonded to three carbons

Question 13

what color is dichromate before and after it is reduced

Answer 13

orange before
green afterward

Question 14

in the oxidation of alcohols, the oxidizing agent is represented by

Answer 14

[O]

Question 15

primary alcohols are oxidized to two products under two different conditions, state the products and the conditions

Answer 15

aldehyde under gentle heating and distillation

carboxylic acid in a high temperature under reflux

Question 16

secondary alcohols are oxidized to …………… under …………………

Answer 16

ketones
reflux

Question 17

the oxidizing agent in the oxidation of alcohols

Answer 17

acidified potassium dichromate

Question 18

tertiary alcohols cannot be oxidized, why?

Answer 18

because tertiary alcohols do not have a hydrogen atom bonded to the carbon atom carrying the hydroxyl group

Question 19

alcohols are combusted to form

Answer 19

salt and water

Question 20

dehydration reaction of alcohol
what type of reaction is this

conditions required for this reaction

Answer 20

a reaction where a water molecule is removed from the alcohol to form an alkene and water

an elimination reaction

heat under reflux in the presence of an acid catalyst

Question 21

alcohols react with hydrogen halides in a substitution reaction to form

Answer 21

haloalkanes and water