Chapter 14

Question 1

Place of Worship

Search and rescue

Answer 1

1. Obtain information from those who have escaped.
2. Identify areas of potential victims.
3. Occupants who were able to evacuate may have knowledge of additional or alternate exits.
4. Depending on the size of the structure, several search teams may be required.

Question 2

Place of Worship

Evacuation

Answer 2

i. The entire facility, which could include attached schools or other buildings, should be evaluated early to determine evacuation needs.
ii. If the structure is close to other structures, they also must be evacuated.
iii. At first sign of structural instability, the IC must evacuate all the fire fighters and establish a collapse zone

Question 3

Place of Worship

Exposure protection

Answer 3

i. In downtown areas, exposure problems can be significant, as structures are often built close together.
ii. The problem in suburban store-front churches would be the same as any strip mall/strip center fire.
iii. In rural areas, the IC may need to address wildland fires set by radiant heat or flying brands

Question 4

Place if Worship

Confinement

Answer 4

Depending on initial observations, crews may have to position their apparatus for an interior attack while also remaining capable of employing master streams if the operation becomes defensive.
ii. Elevated streams can be extremely effective in knocking down large bodies of fire within the structure.

Question 5

Place of Worship.

Extinguishment

Answer 5

i. First alarm companies can set up for offensive operations while second-alarm companies set up for defensive operations.
ii. It is preferable to use large hose lines that allow greater penetration and flow.
Use apparatus to direct heavy streams from elevated positions

Question 6

Exhibit Halls

Fire fighter safety

Answer 6

i. Fire fighters may need to penetrate deep into the structure.
ii. They can be easily lost or entangled among the exhibits.
iii. Accountability is very important.

Question 7

Exhibit Halls

Search and rescue

Answer 7

i. Fire conditions or loading may prevent fire fighters conducting primary searches from moving deep into the structure.
ii. Initial search and rescue operations focus on the removal of victims found in and around exit doors.
iii. Fire fighters should not assume that everyone will evacuate.
iv. A primary search should be completed as soon as possible

Question 8

Exhibit Halls

Confinement

Answer 8

i. Using standpipe and fire hoses, exhibit hall personnel can help confine a fire in its early stages.
(a) Support these efforts in progress by stretching a fire department hose instead of using a hose that is on site.
ii. Many exhibit halls have sprinkler systems.
iii. Closing doors will also aid in confinement.
iv. Confinement may be delayed if the only response to the fire is the fire department.

Question 9

Exhibit Halls

Extinguishment

Answer 9

i. Begin by using interior standpipe systems.
ii. Later-arriving crews can stretch bigger backup lines from an outside water source if the standpipe system will not allow for it.
iii. Crews must remember to supply the standpipe systems.
iv. Using master streams from the ground level or elevated positions will make firefighting efforts a bit easier.

Question 10

Arenes

Fire fighter safety

Answer 10

The size and configuration of the building is the biggest concern.

ii. Large numbers of resources are needed to fight even small fires in arenas.
(a) Potential widespread panic of patrons
(b) Long hose stretches
(c) Overwhelming search and rescue assignments
(d) Ventilation difficulties

Question 11

Arenes

Search and rescue

Answer 11

i. Search efforts should also focus on locating and confining the fire.
ii. Fire fighters get a starting point to conduct a primary search for victims who were unable to evacuate the immediate fire area.

Question 12

Arenes

Evacuation

Answer 12

The biggest concern is the large number of people trying to evacuate.

ii. There is a possibility that people will panic and stampede.
iii. Use the building communication, including public address systems, to their fullest extent.

Question 13

Arenes

Confinement

Answer 13

i. The best way to confine a fire is to activate an adequate sprinkler system and augment it with suppression efforts from the fire department.
ii. Closing fire doors and properly positioning hose lines and forces will enhance confinement efforts.

Question 14

Arenes

Extinguishment

Answer 14

. Preplanning will help in the extinguishment effort.

ii. Preplanning should address the following:
(a) Length of hose stretches necessary
(b) Location and types of sprinkler, alarm, standpipe, or other systems present

Question 15

Nightclub/showplaces

Fire fighter safety

Answer 15

ii. Pyrotechnic shows

ii. Decorations and equipment that can entangle fire fighters

Question 16

Nightclub/showplaces

Search and rescue

Answer 16

i. Rescue is focused on those in greatest peril.
ii. Fire fighters should work outward from that point.
iii. Primary search may be delayed because victims in doorways, windows, and other exit points may need to be removed first.

Question 17

Nightclub/showplaces

Evacuation

Answer 17

i. Employees should assist in evacuating patrons.

ii. All initial resources may need to be committed to search and rescue operations.

Question 18

Nightclub/showplaces

Confinement

Answer 18

i. Depending on the size of the structure, fire confinement may be delayed as a result of long hose line stretches, trying to enter through the same doors patrons are using for escape, and a lack of initial resources.
ii. History has shown that even when flames are knocked down and confined quickly, life loss is usually significant.

Question 19

Nightclub/Showplaces

Extinguishment

Answer 19

i. Larger handlines must quickly follow any rescue efforts.

Question 20

NightClub/Showplaces

Ventilation

Answer 20

i. Open windows, doors, stairways, and shaft doors.
ii. Smoke is the primary cause of death in these structures.
iii. PPV is useful once the fire location has been determined and hose lines are in place.