Chapter 14 Flashcards
What are the four allotropic forms of Carbon?
Diamond, Graphite, amorphous, and fullerenes
Is it true that there was some evidence to suggest that amorphous carbon has some crystalline structure?
Yes, there is some evidence
Where are fullerenes form of carbon found?
Found in soot that forms when carbon-containing materials are burned with limited oxygen
What is the structure of fullerenes form of carbon?
Near-spherical cages, resembling geodesic domes
Describe the structure of diamond
it has closely packed crystallines structure that gives the diamond its hardness
In diamonds, carbon is bonded to _____ other carbons in a _______ arrangement
- Tetrahedron
Are covalent solids hard?
yes
What are diamonds melting point?
3,550C at ATM
Graphite has _______ _______ bonds that result in its slippery feeling
weak, interplanar
Common forms of amorphous carbon include… (4)
Charcoal, coke, bone black, and lampblack
Is it possible to create synthetic diamonds
Yes by putting carbon under immense pressure and heat
How do you create CO2 in a lab?
react Calcium carbonate + Hydrochloric acid (Or any carbonate, or bicarbonate, and any common acid could be used)
How do you test for CO2?
Pass it through lime water (Ca(OH)2)
How do you tell if there is CO2 in the lime water test?
If the lime water becomes cloudy, then there is CO2 present
CO2 is the acid anhydride of _______.
Carbonic acid
What is another name for solid CO2?
Dry Ice
What is the benefit of Dry ice?
It has the advantage of not melting into a liquid (It can absorb 3x as much heat per gram as ice)
Why is CO2 used in fire extinguishers?
It is 1.5 times heavier compared to air. It does not support normal combustion
Plants use CO2 in _______
Photosynthesis
What is the formula of Photosynthesis?
6CO2 + 6H2O —> C6H12O6 + 6O2
The electronegativity of Carbon is…
2.5
Hydrocarbons are compounds containing _______ _______.
Hydrogen. Carbon
What is an empirical formula?
The simpliest formula. Not good for Organic chemistry
The _______ formula is used in organic chemistry to indicate how the atoms are arranged in the molecule
Structural
The formula for the alkane series is…
C(n)H(2n+2)
What is n in the alkane formula?
number of carbons in the molecule
As the number of carbons in the alkane series increases, the _______ increases as well
Boiling point
What are the alkanes referred to as?
a homologous series
Usually, alkanes are extracted by _______
Fractional distillation
What are the first 10 Alkanes
Methane, Ethane, Propane, Butane, pentane, hexane, heptane, octane, nonane, decane
What is the order of the isomers of the Alkanes (From methane to decane)
1, 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 18, 35, 75
What Alkanes are a gas at RT
The first four
When an Alkane is burned with enough air, _______ and _______ are formed
CO2 and H2O
When alkanes and halogens react, the resulting product is called a _______
Alkyl halides
When an alkane hydrocarbon has it’s en hydrogen removed, its name ending changes from _______ to _______
ane. yl.
How do you name a compound that includes an alkyl and a halide?
ou start with the shortened form of the halogen and then the full alkane. (Ex. Bromomethane)
What is considered the parent chain in the IUPAC system?
The longest carbon chain
