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Chemistry SAT > Chapter 11 > Flashcards

Chapter 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

water solutions (aq) of acids conduct what?

A

Electricity

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2
Q

The degree of condensation depends on the acid’s degree of _______

A

ionization

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3
Q

Acids will react with metals that are more active than __________ ions

A

hydrogen

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4
Q

If an acid is a strong oxidizer, then it will not release ___________

A

hydrogen ions

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5
Q

________ have the ability to change the color of indicators?

A

Acids

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6
Q

What is Litmus?

A

A paper that indicates if a solution is acidic or basic (Red if acidic, purple if neutral)

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7
Q

What is phenolphthalein?

A

Similar to Litmus (Pink in basic, colorless in neutral or acidic)

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8
Q

What is the formula for Nitric acid?

A

HNO3

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9
Q

What is the formula for hydrochloric acid?

A

HCl

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10
Q

What is the name of H2SO4

A

Sulfuric acid

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11
Q

What is the name of HI

A

Hydriodic acid

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12
Q

What is the name of HBr

A

Hydrobromic acid

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13
Q

What do HNO3, HCl, H2SO4, HI, and HBr have in common?

A

They are all completely or nearly completely ionized

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14
Q

WHat is the formula of Oxalic acid?

A

H2C2O4

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15
Q

WHat is the formula of phosphoric acid?

A

H3PO4

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16
Q

What is the name of H2SO3

A

Sulfurous acid

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17
Q

What do oxalic, phosphoric, and sulfurous acid all have in common?

A

They are all moderately ionized

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18
Q

What is the formula for Hydrofluoric acid

A

HF

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19
Q

What is the name of HC2H3O2

A

Acetic acid

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20
Q

What is the formula for carbonic acid?

A

H2CO3

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21
Q

What is the formula for hydrosulfuric acid?

A

H2S

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22
Q

WHat do Hydrofluoric, Acetic, Carbonic, Hydrosulfuric, and most other acids have in common?

A

They are all slightly ionized

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23
Q

Acids react with bases to form water and a ______

A

salt

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24
Q

The act of an acid reacting with a base is called

A

Neutralization

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25
Q

WHat is the general equation for neutralization

A

Acid + Base = Salt + water

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26
Q

Acids react with _______ to release CO2

A

Carbonates

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27
Q

What is the Arrhenius Theory?

A

An acid is a substance that yields hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution

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28
Q

Are there really separate hydrogen ions in an aqueous solution?

A

No, they are usually bonded to the oxygen in the water molecule (Since the water is polar) and become H3O

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29
Q

While it is expressed a hydrogen ion when talking about an acidic solution, what are we really talking about?

A

Hydronium (H30)

30
Q

What is this: HX (Double arrows) H+ + X-

A

The general reaction for the dissociation of an acid

31
Q

Bases are conductors of what in an aqueous solution?

A

Electricity

32
Q

Similar to acids, the degree of condensation in bases depends on the degree of _____

A

ionization

33
Q

Bases change what in indicators?

A

color

34
Q

Bases react with acids to ______ each other to form a ____ and _______

A

Neutralize, salt, water

35
Q

Bases react with what to form a class of compounds called soaps

A

Fats

36
Q

Aqueous solutions of bases feel _____ while stronger bases are very ______ to the skin

A

Slippery, Caustic

37
Q

What theory defines a base as a substance that yields hydroxide ions (OH-) in an aqueous solution

A

The Arrhenius Theory

38
Q

WHat is the formula of Potassium hydroxide

A

KOH

39
Q

What is the name of NaOH

A

Sodium hydroxide

40
Q

What is the name of Ba(OH)2

A

Barium hydroxide

41
Q

What is the formula for Strontium hydroxide?

A

Sr(OH)2

42
Q

What is the formula for calcium hydroxide

A

Ca(OH)2

43
Q

What do KOH, NaOH, Ba(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, and Ca(OH)2 have in common?

A

They are all completely or nearly completely ionized

44
Q

What is an example of a slightly ionized base?

A

Ammonium hydroxide

45
Q

What is the formula for Ammonium hydroxide

A

NH4(OH)

46
Q

What is the Bronsted-Lowry Theory

A

It states how acids are proton donors and bases are proton acceptors.

47
Q

In an acid-base reaction, the original acid gives up its proton and becomes a ________

A

conjugate base

48
Q

What a base accepts a proton from an acid, it becomes a _____________

A

conjugate acid

49
Q

If an acid is strong then it will give up protons ______

A

easily

50
Q

The stronger an acid it, the ______ its conjugate base will be

A

Weaker

51
Q

The stronger the base, the ________ its conjugate acid

A

weaker

52
Q

Proton transfer reactions favor the production of what?

A

Weaker bases and weaker acids

53
Q

The reactants (Acids and bases) must much ______ compared to the products

A

stronger

54
Q

What is Lewis Theory

A

An acid is an electron pair acceptor and a base is an electron pair donor

55
Q

What can PH be defined as (hint: math)

A

-Log[H+]

56
Q

What is [H+] in the formula -Log[H+]

A

The concentration of hydrogen ions in moles per liter

57
Q

What is the [H+] concentration of water

A

10^-7, in other words: 7

58
Q

pH + pOH = ?

A

14

59
Q

What are buffer solutions

A

systems that resist change in acidity and maintain a constant ph level even if acids and bases are added.

60
Q

In a lab setting, how does one create a buffer?

A

One could mix equal molar quantities of a weak acid and its salt

61
Q

What is a salt

A

it is an ionic compound containing positive ions other than hydrogen ions, and negative ions other than hydroxide ions

62
Q

How do you create a salt?

A

By neutralizing the appropriate acid and base to create a salt and water

63
Q

An active metal replaces hydrogen in an acid by single replacement to do what?

A

create a salt

64
Q

When you combine two elements to create a salt

A

combustion

65
Q

Similar to single replacement in the fact that it replaces ions to create salt (1 soluble, 1 not soluble)

A

Double replacement

66
Q

To create a salt one could react a _____ with a _________

A

metallic oxide and nonmetallic oxide

67
Q

What are Amphoteric substances?

A

Substances that can either donate protons or receive them depending on the substance they come into contact with.

68
Q

When do Amphoteric substance donate protons

A

In the presence of strong bases

69
Q

When do Amphoteric substance accept protons

A

In the presence of strong acids

70
Q

What forms when oxides of sulfur and nitrogen combine with atmospheric moisture to yield sulfuric and nitric acids

A

Acid rain

Chemistry SAT (5 decks)

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