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Chemistry SAT > Chapter 12 > Flashcards

Chapter 12 Flashcards

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1
Q

What occurs during single replacement?

A

Compound + element = new compound + new element

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2
Q

How does one predict if a single replacement reaction occurs?

A

One may look at the heat of formation and observe that heat of formation in the products is negative and larger than the heat of formation of the reactants

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3
Q

If an ion is found in the reactants and the products in the same place, they are called…

A

Spectator ions

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4
Q

In a net ionic equation what can be canceled out

A

spectator ions

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5
Q

What is a major driving force for chemical change?

A

The transfer of electrons

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6
Q

Where do electrons go during a transfer of electrons?

A

from substances that want them less to substances that want them more.

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7
Q

_________ is when something loses electrons

A

oxidation

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8
Q

What is the gaining of electrons called?

A

Reduction

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9
Q

If oxidation occurs, __________ must also occur too

A

Reduction

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10
Q

If reduction occurs, _________ must occur too

A

Oxidation

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11
Q

________ + ________ = Redox reactions

A

Oxidation, reduction (They can be combined since one can not occur without the other)

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12
Q

What are redox reactions?

A

Reaction in which oxidation and reduction occur in complementary ways

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13
Q

All single replacement reactions are ___________, but not all _________ are single replacement

A

Redox

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14
Q

What does the activity series compare in certain metals?

A

It compares the metal’s desire to lose electrons

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15
Q

When ___ is higher up on the activity series compared to ____, then a single replacement reaction can occur.

A

A, B
Formula= A+BX
The element that is in a molecule has to be lower than the one that is not

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16
Q

What are oxidation states

A

States assigned to each member of a formula while taking in mind each member’s degree to which electrons belong to them.

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17
Q

Elements with high __________ are given responsibilty for the electrons in a bond, ionic or covalent

A

Electronegativity

18
Q

While referring to oxidation states, are electrons shared?

A

No, they belong to one element

19
Q

What is another name for covalent bonds?

A

Molecular bonds

20
Q

Where is the + or - sign in oxidation states?

A

Before the number, UNlike charges

21
Q

For an _____________________, the sum of the oxidation states must be 0

A

Electrically neutral compound

22
Q

For a polyatomic ion, the sum of the __________ must be equal to the __________

A

Oxidation states. Charge on the ion

23
Q

If only an element or diatomic molecule, what would oxidation state be?

A

0

24
Q

The oxidation state of a ______________ is the same as its charge

A

monatomic ion

25
Q

What is the oxidation state of Fluorine?

A

-1

26
Q

What is the oxidation state of Oxygen?

A

Usually -2, but sometimes -1 (In the presence of Fluorine)

27
Q

What is the oxidation state of Hydrogen

A

+1

28
Q

How do you tell if a redox reaction is occurring

A

If the oxidation states change

29
Q

If the oxidation states remain the same in a reaction, then the reaction is not a _____________.

A

Redox reaction

30
Q

What is a reducing agent?

A

An element that reduces another element in the reaction

31
Q

What is an oxidizing agent?

A

It is the opposite of the reducing agent. It is an element that oxidizes another element in the reaction

32
Q

If an element’s or molecule’s oxidation state reduces it can be considered the _________ if comparing to only one other molecule that changes its oxidation state

A

Oxidizing agent

33
Q

The reducing agent is ________

A

oxidized

34
Q

The ___________ is reduced

A

Oxidizing agent

35
Q

What are combustion reactions synonymous with?

A

Burning

36
Q

When a combustion reaction is finished, the elements in the burning fuel form compounds with the ________ and the responsibility for _______ changes

A

Oxidizing agent. Elections

37
Q

The amount of heat released when 1 mol of fuel burns in called the __________

A

Heat of combustion

38
Q

What is the symbol for the heat of combustion?

A

Delta H c (subscript)

39
Q

What is one way a combustion reaction could occur? (Formula)

A

Hydrocarbon + O2 ———> CO2 + H2O

40
Q

Methane = __________

A

Natural gas

41
Q

T/F Oxidation states can be represented as fractions

A

True.

In C3H8, Carbon has an oxidation state of -8/3

Chemistry SAT (5 decks)

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