Chapter 14

Question 1

Chapter 14 Nasometry

Answer 1

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Question 2

Nasometry—

Nasalance score—

Provides

Answer 2

a method of measuring the acoustic correlates of resonance and velopharyngeal function through a computer-based instrument

the percentage of nasal acoustic energy of the total (nasal plus oral) energy

objective data that can be compared to standardized norms

Question 3

Nasometry

Used extensively since ____

Manufactured by KayPENTAX (formerly Kay Elemetrics)

Current version is NasometerTM II, Model 6400 (KayPENTAX, Montvale, NJ)

Analyzes ….

Answer 3

1985

acoustic energy from oral and nasal cavities

Question 4

What Is the Nasometer?

Nasometer—

Answer 4

a computer-assisted instrument that measures the relative amount of nasal acoustic energy in an individual’s speech

Question 5

Nasalance

Software analyzes acoustic energy from _________ in real time.

It provides data of the ________in speech for a passage.

Software calculates average nasalance score as follows:
Nasalance = N ÷ (N + O) x 100.

The higher the score, _______

Answer 5

oral (O) and nasal (N) cavities

relative amount of nasal resonance

the more hypernasality.

Question 6

Purpose and Clinical Uses

Evaluating _____and velopharyngeal function

Evaluating and treating resonance of children with ______

Assessing upper _____ and ______ through their acoustic correlates during speech

Selecting at-risk individuals for ______

Measuring changes in resonance following _______

Showing the effects of various forms of treatment, including _____and _______

Using as part of _____

Answer 6

resonance and velopharyngeal function

hearing impairment

airway obstruction and hyponasality

adenoidectomy

surgical procedures

CPAP and prosthetic management

singing pedagogy

Question 7

Basic Equipment

Answer 7

Host computer

Specialized software

Nasometer II external module

Question 8

Basic Equipment

Either a Nasometer Headset or a Hand-Held Separator

Has two microphones separated by a plate

One for…

One for…

Answer 8

nasal acoustic output

oral acoustic output

Question 9

Standardized Passages in English

Nasalance score for passage is compared to normative data.

____________passage are used for adults.

MacKay-Kummer Simplified Nasometric Assessment Procedures (SNAP Test)-R are used for kids.

Answer 9

Zoo passage, Rainbow passage, and Nasal passage are used for adults.

Question 10

MacKay-Kummer SNAP Test-R

Subtests

Answer 10

Syllable repetition

Pressure consonants with high and low vowels

Picture-cued subtest
Pick up the … book, pie, baby
Take a … tire, turtle, teddy bear
Got get the … cookie, car, cake
Suzy sees the … dress, scissors, horse
Mama made … muffins, mittens, lemonade

Reading subtest
Billy and Bobby Play Ball
A School Day for Suzy

Question 11

Advantages of SNAP

Answer 11

Can be used with children who are minimally cooperative

Can be used with individuals with articulation errors

Semantically, pragmatically, and lexically simple passages

Does not require literacy

Can isolate certain consonants and vowels for better diagnostic value

Question 12

Display of the Speech Signal

Speech signal enters the microphones, and the program computes the _____score.

Nasalance value is displayed during speech in real time on the bottom of the screen as a _____

Nasogram—a

A nasogram can be changed to a _____.

Answer 12

nasalance

nasogram.

contour display of individual data points in sequence as they are collected in real time during production of a passage

bar graph

Question 13

Result Statistics

Mean (%)—
Min (%)—
Max (%)— 
Threshold (%)—
Above (%)—
Below (%)—

Answer 13

Mean (%)—mean nasalance

Min (%)—the lowest nasalance value

Max (%)—the highest nasalance value

Threshold (%)—an assigned target nasalance value

Above (%)—the percentage of the nasalance trace that is greater than the target

Below (%)—the percentage of the nasalance trace that is less than the target

Question 14

Interpretation of Nasometry

Interpretation should be done by a ________

Score is affected by a…

It is important to know _____________in order to interpret score.

Answer 14

speech pathologist.

combination of many factors.

speech and resonance characteristics

Question 15

Expected Results

Voiceless phonemes in isolation:

Syllables with high vowels (e.g., /i/) are about ______________than a low vowel (e.g., /ɑ/) when combined with an oral consonant.

Normal nasalance score for oral passage will usually be under about ___

Answer 15

0

10
percentage points higher

20%.

Question 16

Interpretation of Nasalance Score

If /s/ or /ʃ/ are high and others are normal, consider _________

If lingual-alveolars and
bilabials are higher than velars, consider a ___________.

Answer 16

phoneme-specific nasal emission.

symptomatic fistula

Question 17

Interpretation of Nasalance Score

If vowels are high, but prolonged /s/ is zero, consider…

If the nasalance score is normal, but there are high spikes on the nasogram, consider a …

If the oral scores are in the 20s, there may be .

Answer 17

a thin velum, high tongue position, or vowel-specific nasality.

nasal rustle or nasal emission.

nasal emission in the absence of hypernasal resonance

Question 18

Nasalance score can be affected by:

Answer 18

1.Articulation errors

a. Pharyngeal fricatives
b. Nasal/oral substitutions
c. Phoneme-specific errors

2. Mixed or cul-de-sac resonance
3. Breathy vocal quality or low volume

Question 19

Use in Treatment

Answer 19

Postoperative therapy

Eliminating phoneme-specific nasal emission or phoneme-specific hypernasality

Biofeedback only effective if VP structure is normal

Question 20

Summary

Nasometry is a good…

Nasalance scores should be interpreted carefully and with knowledge of __________

Answer 20

adjunct to the perceptual evaluation

the perceptual features.