Chapter 13 Flashcards
Chapter 13Overview of Instrumental Procedures
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Types of Instrumental Measures
Indirect instrumental procedures—
Include _____and ______
Important for _____and ______of outcomes
Direct instrumental procedures—
Include _______and nasopharyngoscopy
Important to determine the ….
give objective information regarding physical correlates of velopharyngeal function (i.e., acoustics, airflow, and air pressure)
nasometry and aerodynamics
determination and comparison
provide direct visualization of the structures of the velopharyngeal valve during speech
videofluoroscopy and nasopharyngoscopy
cause and location of VPI
Nasometry
Nasometry—
Equipment:
method of measuring the acoustic correlates of resonance, nasal emission, and velopharyngeal function
Nasometer II (KayPENTAX)
Nasometer Headset or a Hand-Held Separator
Nasometry
Speech sample consists of ______:
Zoo, Rainbow, and Nasal passages for adults
MacKay-Kummer Simplified Nasometric Assessment
Procedures-Revised (SNAP-R) for differential diagnosis and for kids
_______is compared with ______from standardized passages.
standardized passages
Individual’s score; normative data
Nasometry
Calculates the average _____score:
Nasalance score gives a…
nasalance
Nasal acoustic energy ÷ total acoustic energy (nasal + oral) x 100
percentage of nasal acoustic energy in speech
Uses of nasometry:
To evaluate characteristics of velopharyngeal dysfunction
To assess upper airway obstruction and hyponasality
To evaluate and treat resonance of children with hearing impairment
To do pre- and post-surgical comparisons
To provide visual feedback during therapy
Speech Aerodynamics
Speech aerodynamics—
Equipment:
1.
2.
Pressure transducers and flow transducers—
Pneumotachograph—
measures the mechanical properties of airflow and air pressure during speech production
- Oral and nasal catheters (which are connected to a pressure transducer)
- Flow tube connected to a heated pneumotachograph
convert the detected air pressure or flow into electrical signals
determines the rate of airflow
Speech Aerodynamics
Speech sample usually consists of the word “_____” because /mp/ requires speaker to…
Measurements include _____ and ______(which are inversely related).
This gives an estimate of the ____________
hamper;
open and close VP port
nasal airflow and oral air pressure
cross-sectional area of the VP port.
Uses of speech aerodynamics:
1.
2.
Currently used more often in _____than in clinical care
To determine approximate size of VP opening
To determine airway obstruction through measurements of nasal airway resistance
research
Videofluoroscopy
Videofluoroscopy—
Videofluoroscopic speech study—
Equipment:
a radiological technique used to obtain real-time moving images of internal structures
provides visualization of the velopharyngeal valve during speech, along with simultaneous audio recording
Fluoroscopy equipment in a radiology department
Video capture system
Videofluoroscopy
Requires the use of multiple views to evaluate velopharyngeal function:
Lateral (sagittal) view—to view velum and posterior pharyngeal wall
Frontal (anterior-posterior) view—to view lateral pharyngeal walls
Base view—to view outline of pharyngeal walls and velum
Videofluoroscopy
Speech sample should consist of the following:
Repetition of syllables
Counting
Sentences loaded with pressure-sensitive phonemes
Videofluoroscopy
Uses of speech videofluoroscopy:
To evaluate velopharyngeal function
To evaluate of swallowing
Nasopharyngoscopy
Nasopharyngoscopy (also called nasendoscopy or videonasendoscopy)—
Equipment:
1.
2.
3.
Speech sample—
a minimally invasive nasal endoscopic procedure that allows direct visual observation and analysis of the velopharyngeal mechanism during speech
- Flexible fiberoptic nasopharyngoscope
- Cold light source
- Monitor and recording system
same as with videofluoroscopy
Uses of nasopharyngoscopy:
To evaluate velopharyngeal function
To evaluate of swallowing
To assess upper airway obstruction
To evaluate the larynx and vocal cord function
