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Biomechanics > Chapter 14 > Flashcards

Chapter 14 Flashcards

1
Q

Moment of inertia is the angular analogue of what?

A

mass

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2
Q

When knee flexion is increased, what happens to the moment of inertia of the leg about the hip?

A

decreased

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3
Q

In the absence of external torque, which of the following will increase when moment of inertia decreases?

A

angular velocity

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4
Q

Torque is the angular analogue of what?

A

force

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5
Q

Which of the following variables contribute to moment of inertia?

A

m and k

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6
Q

Where is radius of gyration located in relation to center of gravity (COG)?

A

further from the axis

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7
Q

If a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to her angular velocity?

A

increase

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8
Q

If a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to his momentum?

A

remain the same

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9
Q

How many principle axes are there for the human body?

A

three

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10
Q

Somersaulting occurs around which of the following axes of rotation?

A

frontal

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11
Q

Which of the following variables affects angular momentum?

A

linear velocity angular acceleration neither A nor B

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12
Q

Which of the following is referred to as the “quantity of angular motion” possessed by a body?

A

angular momentum

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13
Q

Which of the following quantities increases as moment of inertia decreases during the airborne phase of a dive?

A

angular velocity

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14
Q

Which of the following acts to produce a change in angular momentum?

A

angular impulse

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15
Q

The statement “a rotating body will maintain a state of constant angular motion unless acted on by an external torque” refers to which of the following?

A

Newton’s first law of inertia

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16
Q

Centripetal force is related to which of the following?

A

radial acceleration

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17
Q

Which of the following is known as “center-seeking” force?

A

centripetal force

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18
Q

Which of the following is true of a baserunner weighing 70 Newtons and a baserunner weighing 50 Newtons?

A

if the baserunners run at the same velocity around the bases, the heavier baserunner will have to lean in more towards the pitcher’s mound due to a greater centripetal force

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19
Q

When a cyclist rounds a curve, where does centripetal force act?

A

on the tires of the cycle

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20
Q

Centrifugal force is a misnomer. What is really happening when you feel a pull to the outside while rounding a curve?

A

inertia

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21
Q

What effect does “choking up” on a bat have?

A

decreases moment of inertia and indreases angular velocity both A and B

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22
Q

Regarding moment of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip, which of the following leg morphologies would favor a sprinter?

A

massive thighs and slimmer lower legs

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23
Q

Which of the following accurately describes the radius of gyration of the forearm segment?

A

It is greater with respect to the wrist than with respect to the elbow.

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24
Q

Which of the following are accurate units for moment of inertia?

A

kg•m2

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25
Q

Rotating around which of the following principal axes of rotation has the least moment of inertia (anatomical position)?

A

longitudinal

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26
Q

Which of the following is/are accurate formula(s) for angular momentum?

A

H = Iw, H = mk2w, oth A and B

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27
Q

If a pendulum stops swinging, which of the following is/are true?

A

Angular velocity=0 angular momentum=0 both A and B.

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28
Q

What are the appropriate units for angular momentum?

A

kg•m2/s

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29
Q

How come gravity does not affect angular momentum?

A

dw = 0 T=0 both A and B

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30
Q

If total body angular momentum is 0, what will happen as the result of a forceful movement such as a spike?

A

compensatory rotation in lower body in opposite direction

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31
Q

Why does a figure skater cross his arms tightly across the chest when performing a quadruple axel?

A

to increase angular velocity, to reduce moment of inertia both A and B

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32
Q

According to Newton’s 2nd Law, what is the relationship among torque, moment of inertia, and angular acceleration?

A

T = I?

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33
Q

Which of Newton’s laws (angular analogues) explains why a batter wears cleats?

A

3rd law – reaction

34
Q

Which of the following is/are most important factor(s) affecting the magnitude of centripetal force?

A

tangential linear velocity

35
Q

How can a cyclist maintain balance when rounding a sharp curve?

A

slow down, slow down lean to the inside of the curve both A and B

36
Q

Which of the following are accurate units for centripetal force?

A

N

37
Q

When a discus thrower spins and then releases the discus, what direction will it travel?

A

tangent to the circular path at release

38
Q

Why do sprint coaches stress “heel to buttocks” during sprinting?

A

reduces moment of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip

39
Q

Why is a bat easier to swing if you grip the barrel instead of the handle?

A

k is reduced

40
Q

Why are golf club heads weighted?

A

to increase the moment of inertia of the club head rotating around the shaft

41
Q

Moment of inertia is the angular analogue of what?

A

mass

42
Q

When knee flexion is increased, what happens to the moment of inertia of the leg about the hip?

A

decreased

43
Q

In the absence of external torque, which of the following will increase when moment of inertia decreases?

A

angular velocity

44
Q

Torque is the angular analogue of what?

A

force

45
Q

Which of the following variables contribute to moment of inertia?

A

m and k

46
Q

Where is radius of gyration located in relation to center of gravity (COG)?

A

further from the axis

47
Q

If a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to her angular velocity?

A

increase

48
Q

If a diver goes from a full layout position to a tuck position, what will happen to his momentum?

A

remain the same

49
Q

How many principle axes are there for the human body?

A

three

50
Q

Somersaulting occurs around which of the following axes of rotation?

A

frontal

51
Q

Which of the following variables affects angular momentum?

A

linear velocity angular acceleration neither A nor B

52
Q

Which of the following is referred to as the “quantity of angular motion” possessed by a body?

A

angular momentum

53
Q

Which of the following quantities increases as moment of inertia decreases during the airborne phase of a dive?

A

angular velocity

54
Q

Which of the following acts to produce a change in angular momentum?

A

angular impulse

55
Q

The statement “a rotating body will maintain a state of constant angular motion unless acted on by an external torque” refers to which of the following?

A

Newton’s first law of inertia

56
Q

Centripetal force is related to which of the following?

A

radial acceleration

57
Q

Which of the following is known as “center-seeking” force?

A

centripetal force

58
Q

Which of the following is true of a baserunner weighing 70 Newtons and a baserunner weighing 50 Newtons?

A

if the baserunners run at the same velocity around the bases, the heavier baserunner will have to lean in more towards the pitcher’s mound due to a greater centripetal force

59
Q

When a cyclist rounds a curve, where does centripetal force act?

A

on the tires of the cycle

60
Q

Centrifugal force is a misnomer. What is really happening when you feel a pull to the outside while rounding a curve?

A

inertia

61
Q

What effect does “choking up” on a bat have?

A

reduces moment of inertia and increases increases angular velocity of swing both A and B

62
Q

Regarding moment of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip, which of the following leg morphologies would favor a sprinter?

A

massive thighs and slimmer lower legs

63
Q

Which of the following accurately describes the radius of gyration of the forearm segment?

A

It is greater with respect to the wrist than with respect to the elbow.

64
Q

Which of the following are accurate units for moment of inertia?

A

kg•m2

65
Q

Rotating around which of the following principal axes of rotation has the least moment of inertia (anatomical position)?

A

longitudinal

66
Q

Which of the following is/are accurate formula(s) for angular momentum?

A

H = Iw, H = mk2w, both A and B

67
Q

If a pendulum stops swinging, which of the following is/are true?

A

Angular velocity=0 angular momentum=0 both A and B.

68
Q

What are the appropriate units for angular momentum?

A

kg•m2/s

69
Q

How come gravity does not affect angular momentum?

A

d? = 0 T=0 both A and B

70
Q

If total body angular momentum is 0, what will happen as the result of a forceful movement such as a spike?

A

compensatory rotation in lower body in opposite direction

71
Q

Why does a figure skater cross his arms tightly across the chest when performing a quadruple axel?

A

to increase angular velocity, to reduce moment of inertia both A and B

72
Q

According to Newton’s 2nd Law, what is the relationship among torque, moment of inertia, and angular acceleration?

A

T = I?

73
Q

Which of Newton’s laws (angular analogues) explains why a batter wears cleats?

A

3rd law – reaction

74
Q

Which of the following is/are most important factor(s) affecting the magnitude of centripetal force?

A

tangential linear velocity

75
Q

How can a cyclist maintain balance when rounding a sharp curve?

A

slow down, slow down lean to the inside of the curve both A and B

76
Q

Which of the following are accurate units for centripetal force?

A

N

77
Q

When a discus thrower spins and then releases the discus, what direction will it travel?

A

tangent to the circular path at release

78
Q

Why do sprint coaches stress “heel to buttocks” during sprinting?

A

reduces moment of inertia of the leg with respect to the hip

79
Q

Why is a bat easier to swing if you grip the barrel instead of the handle?

A

k is reduced

80
Q

Why are golf club heads weighted?

A

to increase the moment of inertia of the club head rotating around the shaft

Biomechanics (10 decks)

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