Chapter 14 Flashcards
Why did Mendel work with peas
inexpensive, easy to grow and a lot of babies
Resesive trait shown if there are how many copies
there are 2 copies
Dominant trait shown
no matter how many copies
What is Homozigus
2 idential alleles. so BB or bb
what is heterozygous
2 different alleles. so Bb
what is Genotype and Phenotype
genotype is the genes where as phenotype is the physical apparance
Mendel study what hypothesis
Ble…
Inh..
Blending inheritance hypothesis and inheritance of acquired characters
Blending inheritance hypothesis
inherited a bit from mom and a bit form dad and you are in the middle.
White=Red … pink
what is Inheritance of acquired characteristics hypothesis
either one or the other
White=Red … White or Red
what is self fertilization
is it sexual reproduction
refers to the fusion of two gametes that come from one individual. Autogamy is predominantly observed in the form of self-pollination, a reproductive mechanism employed by many flowering plants.
Yes
What is cross pollination
What were the pros
Polen from one flower to another flower to fertilize.
created more variability
Mendel work with what…
they also varied in these characteristics
Worked with peas that difered in color, shape, texture, height,lenght
what is a monohybrid cross
A monohybrid cross is a genetic cross focusing on one specific trait (or gene) where both parents are heterozygous (carrying two different alleles) for that trait
What is a diploid in alleled … the letters
diploids have 2 copies of each chromosome. so eother BB Bb or bb
What are pure lines
2 copy of the same allele. BB or bb
why did Mendel mated 2 pure lines together
so he can see how they would differe in their traits
what is autosomal
not sex linked. the other 22 chromosomes
why do punit squares work for
to predict the next generation
what is a reciprical cross. what does it do
do the same but backward.
to determine if a trait is autosomal or sex-linked, and to see if the parental sex influences the inheritance pattern of a trait.
how many chromosomes do humans have
- 2 pairs of 23
What is the f1 ratio.
100% Heterozygous
what is the Ratio in F2
ratio is 3-1
a convo of alleles is called
genotype
What is the principle of segregation
during the formation of gametes (sperm and egg cells), the two alleles (versions of a gene) for a particular trait separate from each other, so that each gamete carries only one allele
what is a dihybrid cross
mating 2 parents that are heterozygous for 2 traits
what is the total of a dihybrid cross ratio
9;3;3;1 total 16
Dependent and independent assortment.
independent is a trait that has no relationship to the chromosome. dependent is a trait that is on the same chromosome so the 2 alleles are inherited at the same time
what is a testcoss
a genetic cross used to determine the genotype of an organism exhibiting a dominant phenotype by crossing it with an individual homozygous for the recessive trait, revealing whether the dominant phenotype is homozygous or heterozygous.
mated with someone of dominant phenotype Bb but unknown genotype
what is the chromosome theory of inheritance
states that genes are located on chromosomes at particular locus
what is a monohybrid cross
2 individuals that are both heterozugys for a single trait
why are humans different
mu
mutations
which chromosome is larger
X chromosome
what do we do to see if is autosomal or sex link
we do a resiprocal cross
Codominance
Neither allele is dominant or recessive
what is multiple allelism
more than 2 alleles so Blood. ABO
Linkage or linked genes
genes inherited together because they were on the same chromosome.
if a reciprocal test is different
it means it was sex link
what does corssing over give you
a recombination.
if genes are too far apart they are more likely to cross over
AB+ is the universal
recipient
what is a pheotropic gene
marfans so it attacks different things
what are quantitative traits
qualitative traits are those that fall into distinct categories (e.g., black or red coat color), often determined by one or a few genes, while quantitative traits show continuous variation and are influenced by multiple genes and environmental factors like skin color, hair color, weight.
what is used to learn the mode or transmission
pedigrees, reveal whether a phenotype is due to autosomal or sex link, dominant or recessive.
What is the mode of transmission
either autosomal or sex link and the type of dominance
what is a test cross
a test of recesive homogygus individual with dominant phenotipe but unknown genotype
