Chapter 14 Flashcards
Formula for an alcohol
CnH2n+1OH
What are alcohol’s boiling points like in comparison to alkanes?
Higher boiling point than alkanes with same no. C atoms. This difference decreases as chain length increases as of stronger London forces in alkanes, closing the gap.
What type of bonds can alcohols form and why?
They are polar molecules as of OH group which can form strong H bonds between molecules.
When an alcohol undergoes oxidation what are the different types of product?
Primary= aldehyde (CHO) if under distil or carboxylic acid (COOH) under reflux.
Secondary= ketone (=O).
Tertiary = none as the C with an OH attached is not bonded to any H atoms.
What are the conditions needed for reflux and distil in oxidation?
H2SO4 (sulfuric acid) and K2Cr2O7 (potassium dichromate).
What is the colour change of an oxidation reaction using chromate ions?
Orange to green.
Why do you use a vertical condenser, anti bumping granules and no bung during reflux?
Vertical condenser=prevent loss of reactants and products as gaseous vapours. Granules+ no bung = prevents explosions of glassware.
In distillation where does cold water enter the condenser?
At the bottom
What is dehydration (elimination) of alcohols and the conditions?
A water molecule is removed from the alcohol. Done under reflux with concentrated sulfuric acid.
How does an alcohol turn to a haloalkane?
Substitution reaction under reflux, releasing a H2O molecule. Requires a sodium halide and H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), where the hydrogen halide is formed in situ.
