Chapter 14 & 18

Question 1

What is thermodynamics?

Answer 1

When energy is converted from one form to another and energy is transported from one place to another and there is an interaction between matter and energy.

Question 2

What are the state variables?

Answer 2

• Mass (m)
• Volume (V)
• Density (p)
• Thermal energy (Eth)
• Temperature (T)

Question 3

What are the 3 states of matter?

Answer 3

1. ) Solid
2. ) Liquid
3. ) Gas

Question 4

What is the distinguishing factor between liquids and gases?

Answer 4

The liquids are incompressible since they flow but gases are compressible.

Question 5

What is density?

Answer 5

The mass per unit volume of a certain material.

Question 6

What is pressure?

Answer 6

The molecules of a gas for instance undergo frequent collisions and they hit the wall which is a force that is applied to a given surface or area.

Question 7

What factors affect the pressure of the fluid?

Answer 7

1. ) The weight of the fluid (gravity)

2. ) The temperature of the fluid (kinetic energy of molecules)

Question 8

What is atmospheric pressure?

Answer 8

1 atm = 101.3 kPa

Question 9

What is gauge pressure?

Answer 9

Pg = P - 1atm

Question 10

What is the pressure of a liquid column?

Answer 10

The pressure at depth d which is due to the weight of the fluid above the point.

Question 11

What is an ideal gas?

Answer 11

If the volume is held constant then the pressure changes linearly with the temperature.

Question 12

What is happening at absolute zero?

Answer 12

At this point all gases intersect and p = 0 pa which implies that all motion of the particles stop at this point.

Question 13

What is the triple point?

Answer 13

At this point all 3 states of matter can coexist.

Question 14

What is the relationship between the boiling point and pressure?

Answer 14

As the pressure decreases the boiling point decreases as well making it easier to bring the substance to boiling.

Question 15

What is the critical point?

Answer 15

At this point there is no clear distinction between gases and liquids.

Question 16

What is the ideal gas law?

Answer 16

PV = nRT
PV = NkT

Question 17

Why is water weird?

Answer 17

Water is odd because it expands when it freezes as a result when water has less pressure it freezes.

Question 18

What is isotherm?

Answer 18

The temperature is constant.

Question 19

What is isochoric?

Answer 19

The volume is constant.

Question 20

What is isobaric?

Answer 20

The pressure is constant.

Question 21

Is the pressure in a piston changing?

Answer 21

No the pressure is constant.

Question 22

What is work?

Answer 22

The change in energy.

Question 23

What are the factors of the expansion?

Answer 23

1. ) W < 0

2. ) Eth < 0

Question 24

What are the factors of the compression?

Answer 24

1. ) W > 0

2. ) Eth > 0

Question 25

What is temperature?

Answer 25

This is the state variable that identifies if the material is hot or cold.

Question 26

What is thermal energy?

Answer 26

This is the energy due to the motion of the particles or molecules.

Question 27

What is heat?

Answer 27

The energy that moves from a hotter to colder object.

Question 28

What is isobaric expansion?

Answer 28

If a gas is to expand at a constant pressure, heat should be transferred into the system at a certain rate.

Question 29

What is the change in thermal energy equal to?

Answer 29

Change in temperature.

Question 30

Why are the final and initial points on the curve?

Answer 30

The thermal energy and temperature points because the area under the curve is work and work is the change in energy which is equal to the change in temperature.

Question 31

What is the work for expansion?

Answer 31

W<0

Question 32

What is the work for compression?

Answer 32

W>0