Chapter 14/15 - Patient Rights / Access, Use, and Disclosure and Release of Health Information

Question 1

paternalistic relationship

Answer 1

A type of patient-provider relationship.
In this relationship, the provider is the medical authority and the patient is the passive recipient. The provider dispenses his or her knowledge about the patient’s condition and the medical options that are best for the patient. The patient is expected to defer to the provider’s expertise in this “doctor-knows-best” model.

Question 2

informative relationship

Answer 2

A type of patient-provider relationship.

In this relationship, the provider dispenses information but the patient makes the decisions.

Question 3

interpretive relationship

Answer 3

A type of patient-provider relationship.
In this relationship, the provider supplies information to the patient, but only after knowing the patient’s wishes, such as what is important to the patient and what his or her concerns are. It involves the provider working with the patient to achieve the patient’s desired goals.

Question 4

community benefit standard

Answer 4

A test the IRS uses to determine whether a hospital is organized and operated for the charitable purpose of promoting health. A few examples of the test involve an emergency room available to anyone regardless of the ability to pay and the usage of surplus funds for research and hospital infrastructure. This test is required for a non-profit hospital to retain its tax-exempt status.

Question 5

involuntary civil commitment

Answer 5

The admission of individuals against their will into a mental health unit. Generally speaking, there are three reasons why an individual would be subject to involuntary civil commitment under modern statutes: mental illness, developmental disability, and substance addiction.
In the case of mental illness, dangerousness to self or others defines the typical commitment standard, with almost all states construing the inability to provide for one’s basic needs as dangerousness to self.

Question 6

seclusion

Answer 6

involuntary confinement of a patient alone in a room or area from which the patient is physically prevented from leaving

Question 7

restraint

Answer 7

a device or drug that restricts a patient’s freedom of movement and is not related to diagnosis or treatment, protecting a patient from falling out of bed, or permitting a patient to participate in activities without the risk of harm

Question 8

billing advocate

Answer 8

a person who advocates on behalf of patients to negotiate and lower their medical bills

Question 9

exorbitant

Answer 9

(1) not coming within the scope of the law

(2) exceeding the customary or appropriate limits in intensity, quality, amount, cost, or size

Question 10

four reasons for the expensiveness of American healthcare

Answer 10

(1) reporting of prices has not been historically required by law
(2) an individual cannot price-compare because that individual doesn’t know what care they will need in advance and therefore what the price will be
(3) in emergency situations, price comparisons are not feasible
(4) prices vary among providers and among beneficiaries of different insurance plans

Question 11

neurologist

Answer 11

a medical doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating, and managing disorders of the brain and nervous system

Question 12

custodial parent

Answer 12

a parent who has legal custody of their children

Question 13

non-custodial parent

Answer 13

a parent who does not have legal custody of their children

Question 14

custody

Answer 14

(1) the protective care or guardianship of someone or something
(2) imprisonment
(3) parental responsibility, especially as allocated to one of two divorcing parents

Question 15

next-of-kin

Answer 15

a person’s closest living relative or relatives

Question 16

Uniform Health-Care Decisions Act (UHCDA)

Answer 16

a law dealing with healthcare powers of attorney

Question 17

UHCDA next-of-kin priority order

Answer 17

A priority order created by the Uniform Health-Care Decisions Act to determine next-of-kin in healthcare situations and decision making, as follows:

1. spouse
2. adult child
3. parent
4. adult sibling
5. adult who has provided special care or concern for the patient and is willing and able to make a healthcare decision for the patient
6. court-appointed decision maker

Question 18

access (HIPAA definition)

Answer 18

the right of an individual to inspect and obtain a copy of his or her own health information that is contained in a designated record set

Question 19

behavioral health

Answer 19

As a discipline, behavioral health refers to mental health, psychiatric, marriage and family counseling and addictions treatment, and it includes services provided by social workers, counselors, psychiatrists, neurologists and physicians.

Question 20

psychiatrist vs psychologist

Answer 20

Psychiatrists use their medical knowledge to treat patients, whereas psychologists primarily use psychotherapy techniques to address abnormal human behaviors. Scientific findings and counseling serve as important tools for both professions.

Question 21

duty to warn

Answer 21

a required disclosure of information to an intended victim when a patient threatens to harm an individually identifiable person or persons and the psychiatrist or other mental health provider believes that the patient is likely to actually harm the individual(s)

Question 22

National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)

Answer 22

An FBI system that conducts background checks on people who want to own a firearm or explosive, as required by law.

Question 23

penal

Answer 23

of, relating to, or involving punishment, penalties, or punitive institutions

Question 24

punitive

Answer 24

inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment

Question 25

sunshine laws

Answer 25

Regulations requiring transparency and disclosure in government or business. Sunshine laws make meetings, records, votes, deliberations, and other official actions available for public observation, participation, and/or inspection.
These are also called open records laws, public records laws, or freedom of information laws.

Question 26

Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)

Answer 26

a 1990 civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability

Question 27

syndromic surveillance

Answer 27

a type of surveillance that involves the systematic gathering and analysis of health data to rapidly detect clusters of symptoms and health complaints that might indicate an infectious disease outbreak or other public health threat

Question 28

consumer reporting agency

Answer 28

an organization that regularly engages in whole or in part in the practice of assembling or evaluating consumer credit information or other information on consumers for the purpose of furnishing consumer reports to third parties

Question 29

credit bureau

Answer 29

a data collection agency that gathers account information from various creditors and provides that information to a consumer reporting agency

Question 30

actuarial science

Answer 30

The discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in insurance, finance, and other industries and professions. More generally, actuaries apply rigorous mathematics to model matters of uncertainty.

Question 31

Big Three of American credit bureaus

Answer 31

The three credit bureaus that dominate the United States. They are:
TransUnion: based in Chicago, IL
Equifax: based in Atlanta, GA
Experian: based in Dublin, Ireland

Question 32

Electronic Records Express

Answer 32

an initiative by Social Security and state Disability Determination Services (DDS) to offer electronic options for submitting health and school records related to disability claims

Question 33

health information handler (HIH)

Answer 33

any organization that handles information on behalf of a provider