Chapter 14/15 - Patient Rights / Access, Use, and Disclosure and Release of Health Information Flashcards
paternalistic relationship
A type of patient-provider relationship.
In this relationship, the provider is the medical authority and the patient is the passive recipient. The provider dispenses his or her knowledge about the patient’s condition and the medical options that are best for the patient. The patient is expected to defer to the provider’s expertise in this “doctor-knows-best” model.
informative relationship
A type of patient-provider relationship.
In this relationship, the provider dispenses information but the patient makes the decisions.
interpretive relationship
A type of patient-provider relationship.
In this relationship, the provider supplies information to the patient, but only after knowing the patient’s wishes, such as what is important to the patient and what his or her concerns are. It involves the provider working with the patient to achieve the patient’s desired goals.
community benefit standard
A test the IRS uses to determine whether a hospital is organized and operated for the charitable purpose of promoting health. A few examples of the test involve an emergency room available to anyone regardless of the ability to pay and the usage of surplus funds for research and hospital infrastructure. This test is required for a non-profit hospital to retain its tax-exempt status.
involuntary civil commitment
The admission of individuals against their will into a mental health unit. Generally speaking, there are three reasons why an individual would be subject to involuntary civil commitment under modern statutes: mental illness, developmental disability, and substance addiction.
In the case of mental illness, dangerousness to self or others defines the typical commitment standard, with almost all states construing the inability to provide for one’s basic needs as dangerousness to self.
seclusion
involuntary confinement of a patient alone in a room or area from which the patient is physically prevented from leaving
restraint
a device or drug that restricts a patient’s freedom of movement and is not related to diagnosis or treatment, protecting a patient from falling out of bed, or permitting a patient to participate in activities without the risk of harm
billing advocate
a person who advocates on behalf of patients to negotiate and lower their medical bills
exorbitant
(1) not coming within the scope of the law
(2) exceeding the customary or appropriate limits in intensity, quality, amount, cost, or size
four reasons for the expensiveness of American healthcare
(1) reporting of prices has not been historically required by law
(2) an individual cannot price-compare because that individual doesn’t know what care they will need in advance and therefore what the price will be
(3) in emergency situations, price comparisons are not feasible
(4) prices vary among providers and among beneficiaries of different insurance plans
neurologist
a medical doctor with specialized training in diagnosing, treating, and managing disorders of the brain and nervous system
custodial parent
a parent who has legal custody of their children
non-custodial parent
a parent who does not have legal custody of their children
custody
(1) the protective care or guardianship of someone or something
(2) imprisonment
(3) parental responsibility, especially as allocated to one of two divorcing parents
next-of-kin
a person’s closest living relative or relatives
Uniform Health-Care Decisions Act (UHCDA)
a law dealing with healthcare powers of attorney
UHCDA next-of-kin priority order
A priority order created by the Uniform Health-Care Decisions Act to determine next-of-kin in healthcare situations and decision making, as follows:
- spouse
- adult child
- parent
- adult sibling
- adult who has provided special care or concern for the patient and is willing and able to make a healthcare decision for the patient
- court-appointed decision maker
access (HIPAA definition)
the right of an individual to inspect and obtain a copy of his or her own health information that is contained in a designated record set
behavioral health
As a discipline, behavioral health refers to mental health, psychiatric, marriage and family counseling and addictions treatment, and it includes services provided by social workers, counselors, psychiatrists, neurologists and physicians.
psychiatrist vs psychologist
Psychiatrists use their medical knowledge to treat patients, whereas psychologists primarily use psychotherapy techniques to address abnormal human behaviors. Scientific findings and counseling serve as important tools for both professions.
duty to warn
a required disclosure of information to an intended victim when a patient threatens to harm an individually identifiable person or persons and the psychiatrist or other mental health provider believes that the patient is likely to actually harm the individual(s)
National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS)
An FBI system that conducts background checks on people who want to own a firearm or explosive, as required by law.
penal
of, relating to, or involving punishment, penalties, or punitive institutions
punitive
inflicting, involving, or aiming at punishment
sunshine laws
Regulations requiring transparency and disclosure in government or business. Sunshine laws make meetings, records, votes, deliberations, and other official actions available for public observation, participation, and/or inspection.
These are also called open records laws, public records laws, or freedom of information laws.
Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA)
a 1990 civil rights law that prohibits discrimination based on disability
syndromic surveillance
a type of surveillance that involves the systematic gathering and analysis of health data to rapidly detect clusters of symptoms and health complaints that might indicate an infectious disease outbreak or other public health threat
consumer reporting agency
an organization that regularly engages in whole or in part in the practice of assembling or evaluating consumer credit information or other information on consumers for the purpose of furnishing consumer reports to third parties
credit bureau
a data collection agency that gathers account information from various creditors and provides that information to a consumer reporting agency
actuarial science
The discipline that applies mathematical and statistical methods to assess risk in insurance, finance, and other industries and professions. More generally, actuaries apply rigorous mathematics to model matters of uncertainty.
Big Three of American credit bureaus
The three credit bureaus that dominate the United States. They are:
TransUnion: based in Chicago, IL
Equifax: based in Atlanta, GA
Experian: based in Dublin, Ireland
Electronic Records Express
an initiative by Social Security and state Disability Determination Services (DDS) to offer electronic options for submitting health and school records related to disability claims
health information handler (HIH)
any organization that handles information on behalf of a provider
